1、break in
核心词义:① 非法闯入,破门而入(最基础含义,高考常考);②打断(谈话、活动等)(高频考义); ③(机器等)试运行,磨合(熟词生义,高考冷门但需掌握);④训练,使适应(熟词生义,多接动物或新人)
常见搭配:
break in on/upon sth 打断某事
break in a new car/machine 磨合新车/新机器
break in a horse 训练马匹
例句:
Please don't break in on our conversation; we're discussing something important.
请不要打断我们的谈话,我们正在讨论重要的事情。
2、break up
核心词义:① (关系)破裂,分手(高考最高频考义,尤指恋人、朋友或夫妻关系);② (组织、团体)解散,瓦解; ③(会议、聚会等)结束;④ 打碎,拆分(物体或整体);⑤(学校或学生)放假
常见搭配:
break up with sb 与某人分手
break up an organization 解散组织
break up a meeting 结束会议
例句:
The meeting didn't break up until midnight, leaving everyone exhausted.
会议直到午夜才结束,让每个人都疲惫不堪。
3. break out
核心词义:① (战争、火灾、疾病、瘟疫等)爆发(高考最高频考义,无被动语态);② 突然发生(争吵、大笑等); ③ 越狱(熟词生义,高考中频考义)
常见搭配:
break out in a fever/rash 发烧/出疹子
break out into tears/laughter 突然大哭/大笑
例句:
When the Second World War broke out, he was only 10 years old and had to flee with his family.
第二次世界大战爆发时,他只有10岁,不得不和家人逃亡。
4. break down
核心词义:① (机器、车辆等)出故障,坏掉(高频考义);②(身体或精神)垮掉,崩溃(高考最高频考义,尤指因压力、悲伤等); ③(谈判、计划等)失败,破裂;④ 分解(物质、数据等)(熟词生义,高考中频考义);⑤(情绪)失控,突然大哭/大笑
常见搭配:
break down a plan/negotiation 计划/谈判失败
break down sth into... 将某物分解为……
例句:
After hearing the bad news, she broke down and cried bitterly in the office.
听到坏消息后,她在办公室里崩溃痛哭。
核心区别:
break in侧重“闯入/打断行为”或“磨合/训练动作”;break up侧重“关系、组织、聚会等整体的拆分或终结”;break out侧重“灾害、疾病、战争等突发且规模较大的事件”;break down侧重“机器、身体、情绪、谈判等个体或具体事务的故障、崩溃或失败”。
巩固练习:
1. During the storm, lightning ______ and started a fire in the forest.
A. broke in B. broke up C. broke out D. broke down
2. After years of use, the old machine finally ______ and needed to be replaced.
A. broke in B. broke up C. broke out D. broke down
参考答案:C D
