2021年全国新高考II卷
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always loved the ocean. In the__56__ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage,_57_(think)it is food.
I decided to do something _58_ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company_59_ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws (吸管). I found the contact information of the company_ 60_ emailed its president. I told him how _ 61_ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so_ 62_ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _63_ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company _64_ (represent). wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _65_ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
2022年1月浙江卷
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics _____56_____ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like--- frequently by plane --- ____57______ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others _____58_____ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely. and___59_______ (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _____60_____(rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _____61_____ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak____62____ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of _____63_____ time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the _____64_____ (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 65(continue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding.” she says, “a really positive change.”
2021年6月浙江卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 56 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored(修复) to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 57 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 58 (marry) ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much 59 (small) than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home 60 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 61 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, 62 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 63 (plant) flowers in the front yard.
64 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected president of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 65 (sell) most of their furniture.
2021年北京卷
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do we dream?Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse____11____ (idea).Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it ____13____ (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream.
2021年北京卷
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sam is an in-real-life streamer(播主)，and he live streams himself just going about his day.While riding his bike home ____14____ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____15____ she lived.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____16____(safe) wait for the police to take her home.
2021年北京卷
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____19____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ____20____ (invest) in disaster prevention.
2020年浙江卷
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56 , through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person 58 hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food 59 (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60 (change)lives.
By about 6000 BC, people 61 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the 62 (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 63 (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with 64 rise of science, changes began. New methods 65 (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
2020年北京卷
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45 分)
第一节 语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food 1 (play) a big role in his life. “My mum was a great cook, and she’d sometimes let me have a try,” he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum’s help. Oliver says if you’re 2 (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them 3 you can join in when it’s possible.
B
Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 4 (throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years 5 (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart 6 countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of 7 (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
C
A piece of stone 8 (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals 9 (live) alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40,000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it’s long been assumed that human ancestors were 10 (smart) than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.
答案解析：
2021年全国新高考II卷
56. seventh
解析：根据句意，这里指的是七年级，所以应该用序数词"seventh"。
57. thinking
解析：这里应该用现在分词作伴随状语，表示海豚误以为塑料垃圾是食物的同时的动作，所以用"thinking"。
58. to educate
解析：这里应该用不定式作目的状语，表示做某事的目的，所以用"to educate"。
59. that/which
解析：这里应该用关系代词"that"或"which"来引导定语从句，修饰先行词"a company"。
60. and
解析：这里表示两个动作的并列，所以用"and"连接。
61. harmful
解析：这里应该用形容词作表语，描述塑料对环境的危害，所以用"harmful"。
62. excited
解析：这里应该用过去分词作表语，表示感到兴奋，所以用"excited"。
63. was
解析：这里应该用一般过去时，因为句子描述的是过去发生的事情，所以用"was"。
64. representative
解析：这里应该用名词，表示公司的一名代表，所以用"representative"。
65. from
解析：这里表示从塑料杯转换到纸杯，所以用"from...to..."的结构，用"from"。
2022年1月浙江卷
56. who/that
解析：此处为定语从句，先行词为academics，关系代词在从句中作主语，指人，所以用who或that。
57. is viewed
解析：此句的主语是动名词短语Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like，所以谓语动词用单数形式;根据句意，这里表示被动，故用is viewed。
58. are
解析：主语为Cobb and others，是复数形式，所以谓语动词用are。
59. are changing
解析：and连接的两个并列谓语，前面是are questioning，所以后面也用are changing保持一致。
60. roughly
解析：此处修饰数字200，表示“大约”，所以用副词roughly。
61. have promised
解析：根据since the effort started two years ago可知，这里应该用现在完成时，表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，主语为academics，所以用have promised。
62. whether/if
解析：此处表示询问是否可以远程发言，所以用whether或if引导宾语从句。
63. the
解析：此处表示“她时间的四分之三”，是特指，所以用the。
64. invitation
解析：根据句意，这里表示拒绝邀请，invite是动词，其名词形式为invitation。
65. to continue
解析：plan to do sth.是固定搭配，表示计划做某事，所以用to continue。
2021年6月浙江卷
56. has proved。根据句意和since it opened to the public可知，这里应该用现在完成时态，表示从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
57. for。buy sth. for + 价格，表示以某个价格购买某物。
58. marriage。perform their marriage ceremony表示主持他们的婚礼。
59. smaller。much修饰比较级，表示“……得多”，这里表示房子过去比现在小得多。
60. was painted。根据The little home和1860 appearance可知，这里描述的是过去的情况，所以用一般过去时。
61. herself。a reflection of herself表示房子的布置是玛丽自己的反映。
62. neither。neither... nor... 表示“既不……也不……”，根据句意，玛丽和她的丈夫都不以园艺闻名。
63. to plant。come over to plant flowers表示过来种植花朵。
64. The 。这里指林肯一家扩大了房子的规模。
65. sold。根据After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861可知，这里描述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。
2021年北京卷
A
11. ideas。这里指的是科学家们对于为什么我们会做梦有不同的观点，idea是可数名词，复数形式ideas表示“观点，想法”。
12. that。这里需要一个关系代词来引导定语从句，修饰先行词everything，并且在这个从句中作主语，that符合这个用法，表示“所发生的每一件事”。
13. connects。这里描述的是大脑在睡眠时连接事情的过程，因此需要使用动词的第三人称单数形式，connects表示“连接”。
2021年北京卷
B
14. on。这里描述的是在一个寒冷的夜晚，Sam骑自行车回家的情景，on用于表示特定的某一天或某个具体的时间，如on a cold night。
15. where。这里需要一个关系副词来引导宾语从句，修饰先行词live，并在从句中作地点状语，where符合这个用法，表示“她住在哪里”。
16. safely。这里描述的是Sam希望这位老妇人能够安全地等待警察来带她回家，safely是副词，用来修饰动词wait，表示“安全地”。
2021年北京卷
C
17. has been。这里描述的是过去20年里极端天气事件的数量的显著上升，这是一个从过去开始一直持续到现在并可能继续下去的动作，因此使用现在完成时态，has been是there be句型的现在完成时态形式。
18. caused。这里需要一个过去分词作定语，修饰前面的名词rise，表示“由上升的全球温度引起的”，caused符合这个用法。
19. resulting。这里需要一个现在分词作结果状语，表示“导致了”经济损失，resulting符合这个用法。
20. to invest。这里需要一个不定式作宾语，表示“需要投资于”灾难预防，to invest符合这个用法。
2020年浙江卷
56. in
解析：根据句意，这里应该是表示人们开始尝试控制他们生活的世界，live in是一个固定搭配，意为“生活在……”。
57. what
解析：根据句意，这里应该是一个宾语从句的引导词，表示可以被猎取或从野外收集的东西，what在这里作宾语。
58. than
解析：根据句意，这里应该是比较农业和狩猎采集生产食物的效率，所以用than引导比较级。
59. was needed
解析：根据句意，这里应该是表示更多的食物被需要，所以用过去时的被动语态。
60. to change
解析：根据句意，这里应该是表示技术改变生活的力量，to change作定语，表示目的。
61. had discovered
解析：根据句意，这里应该是表示人们在公元前6000年左右就已经发现了最好的作物种植和动物饲养方法，所以用过去完成时。
62. seasons
解析：根据句意，这里应该是表示人们学会了如何根据季节工作，seasons是名词复数形式。
63. making
解析：根据句意，这里应该是表示人们学会了如何利用年度洪水来灌溉田地，making是动名词，作介词of的宾语。
64. the
解析：根据句意，这里应该是表示科学的兴起，the rise of是一个固定搭配，意为“……的兴起”。
65. meant
解析：根据句意，这里应该是表示新方法意味着更少的人从事农业工作，所以用过去时。
2020年北京卷
A
1. plays
解析：根据句意，食物在奥利弗的生活中扮演着重要角色，表示一直存在的状态，所以用一般现在时态。
2. lucky
解析：根据句意，如果你足够幸运，有人喜欢烹饪，这里修饰形容词enough，所以用形容词lucky。
3. if/whether
解析：根据句意，询问是否可以加入，所以用if引导条件状语从句。
B
4. are thrown
解析：根据句意，这些塑料袋在使用几次后被扔掉，表示被动关系，所以用are thrown。
5. to break
解析：根据句意，这些袋子需要数百年才能分解，take some time to do sth.表示花费时间做某事。
6. into/to
解析：根据句意，这些袋子分解成无数小片，所以用介词into。
7. countries
解析：根据句意，许多国家和地区正在采取行动，这里表示多个国家，所以用countries。
C
8. found
解析：根据句意，一块在荷兰海滩上发现的石头，表示被动关系，所以用found。
9. lived
解析：根据句意，尼安德特人与人类祖先在欧洲共存了几万年，表示过去发生的动作，所以用lived。
10. smarter
解析：根据句意，长期以来，人们认为人类祖先比尼安德特人聪明，这里表示比较级，所以用smarter。
