2018年全国卷一
第二部分
第一节
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (7miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington.
D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park.
C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories.
23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights.
答案解析：
21. A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
解析：根据第一则广告中的"Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!"可知，樱花自行车游需要提前预定。
22. D. Enjoy interesting stories.
解析：根据第三则广告中的"Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks."可知，在首都城市自行车游中，你可以享受关于总统、国会、纪念碑和公园的有趣故事。
23. D. Safety lights.
解析：根据第四则广告中的"All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights."可知，夜间自行车游提供反光背心和安全灯。
B
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. "
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning.
D. She has had a light budget for her family.
25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cooking materials for her.
B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters.
D. He invites guest families for her.
26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B. provide some advice for the readers.
C. add some background information.
D. introduce a new topic for discussion.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Keeping fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yourself a perfect ChefD. Cooking Well for Less
答案解析：
24. B. She has started a new programme.
解析：根据第一段中的"In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste..."可知，Susanna Reid开始了一个新的节目Save Money: Good Food。
25. C. He assists her in cooking matters.
解析：根据第二段中的"with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt"和"Matt makes them for 26p a portion"可知，Matt Tebbutt在烹饪方面帮助Susanna。
26. C. add some background information.
解析：第四段提到了之前的节目Save Money: Good Health，这是在提供背景信息，说明Save Money: Good Food是继Save Money: Good Health之后的系列节目。
27. D. Cooking Well for Less
解析：文章主要讲述了Susanna Reid和Matt Tebbutt如何帮助家庭在预算内准备美味且营养的餐点，因此"Cooking Well for Less"(少花钱，做美食)是一个合适的标题。
C
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patters.D. They were closely connected
29. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2?
A Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern.
30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?
A. About 6,800 . B. About 3,400
C. About 2,400 D. About 1,200.
31. What is the main idea of the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human development results in fewer languages.
D. Geography determines language evolution.
答案解析：
28. B. They were large in number.
解析：根据第一段中的"Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago...they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them."可知，在狩猎采集时代，语言种类是相当多的。
29. C. Powerful.
解析：根据第二段中的"dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over"可知，这里提到的dominant languages是指那些越来越占据主导地位的语言，因此"powerful"(强大的)是最合适的解释。
30. B. About 3,400
解析：根据第三段中的"The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that."可知，目前大约有3400种语言的说话者人数少于6000人。
31. C. Human development results in fewer languages.
解析：整篇文章讲述了随着时间的推移，由于人类的发展(如农业、工业化、全球化等)，语言的种类在减少。因此，文章的主旨是人类的发展导致了语言的减少。
D
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. according to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution(解决方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
32. What does the author think of new devices?
A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old.
C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly.
33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
A. To reduce the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a product.
C. To update consumers on new technology.
D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
34. Which of the following uses the least energy?
A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer.
35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them.
答案解析：
32. A. They are environment-friendly.
解析：根据第一段中的"That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things."可知，新设备比旧设备更节能，因此对环境更友好。
33. D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
解析：根据第二段中的"To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues...tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life"可知，Babbitt团队进行这项研究是为了找出这些设备的电力消耗。
34. B. The tablet.
解析：根据最后一段中的"more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%"可知，与电视和台式电脑相比，平板电脑在能源消耗上更少。
35. A. Stop using them.
解析：根据最后一段中的"So what's the solution?...if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function...They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%"可知，作者建议停止使用旧电子设备，并用多功能的新电子产品替代它们。
2018年全国卷二
第二部 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Summer Activities
Students should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/ carers will be asked to sign to confirm their children’s choices.
Activity | Description | Member of staff | Cost |
Outdoor Adventure (OUT) | Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team, and enjoy the great outdoor environment. | Mr.Clemens | ￡140 |
WWⅠBattlefields and Paris (WBP) | On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War Ⅰbattlefields. On day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights. | Mrs. Wilson | ￡425 |
Crafty foxes (CRF) | Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushion and decorations… Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles. | Mrs. Goode | ￡30 |
Potty about Potter (POT) | Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatly-on-Thames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxford's Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the university Parks, before heading back to Exeter. | Miss Drake | ￡150 |
21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?
A. OUT. B. WBP. C. CRF. D.POT.
22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?
A. Travel to London B. see a parade and fireworks.
C. Tour central Paris. D. Visit the WWI battlefields.
23. How long does Potty about Potter last?
A. Two days. B. Four days C. Five days D. One week.
答案解析：
21. A.根据Outdoor Adventure的描述中提到"wild camping on Dartmoor"，可知选择OUT活动可以体验露营。
22. D. 根据WWⅠBattlefields and Paris的描述中提到"Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War Ⅰbattlefields"，星期二学生们将和Mrs. Wilson一起去参观第一次世界大战战场。
23. A. 根据Potty about Potter的描述，活动包括参观华纳兄弟工作室、在Streatly-on-Thames的青年旅舍过夜、参观牛津大学的电影拍摄地点等，虽然具体天数没有明确说明，但从描述的活动内容来看，可以推断这个活动持续两天。其他选项中的天数在文中没有提及。
B
Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colorful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into Vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious who care? However, they are rich in Vitamin C.
When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruits shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “Soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A. They contain protein. B. They are high in vitamin A.
C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antioxidants.
25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?
A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour.
C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition.
24. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A. A dessert. B. A drink. C. A container. D. A machine.
25. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.
C. A research paper. C. A travel brochure.
答案解析：
24. C. 根据文章第三段中的句子"As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious who care?"可知，作者认为樱桃非常美味，这表明作者喜欢樱桃的味道。
25. B. 根据文章第三段中的句子"If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown."可知，新鲜的柠檬汁可以防止香蕉变黑，因此是为了保持香蕉的颜色。
26. D. 根据文章最后一段中的句子"If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit."以及接下来的描述，可以推断出"juicer"是一种机器，可以用来制作冰激凌。
27. B. 文章讨论了七月的水果，包括它们的营养价值和使用方法，这通常与健康杂志的内容相符。其他选项如生物教科书、研究论文和旅行手册，都不太可能包含这类具体的生活建议和食谱。
C
Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a common Sense media report published Monday.
While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.
According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session had declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.
At the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take the chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
28. What is the common Sense media report probably about?
A. Children’s reading habits.
B. quality of children’s books.
C. Children’s after-class activities.
D. Parent-child relationships.
29. Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?
A. In paragraph 2 B. In paragraph 3 C. In paragraph 4 D. In paragraph 5
30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?
A. E-books are of poor quality.
B. It could be a waste of time.
C. It may harm children’s health.
D. E-readers are expensive.
31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?
A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask them to write book reports.
C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.
答案解析：
28. A.根据文章第一段"Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a common Sense media report published Monday."可知，报告指出青少年和年幼的孩子为了乐趣而阅读的时间大幅减少，因此报告很可能是关于儿童的阅读习惯。
29. B.第三段提供了具体的数据，显示1984年到现在的13岁和17岁孩子中几乎不为了乐趣而阅读的比例分别从8%和9%上升到了22%和27%，这是支持“孩子们为了乐趣而阅读大幅减少”这一观点的最佳数据。
30. C.根据文章第五段"It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading mainly due to concerns about increased screen time."可知，许多父母限制电子阅读主要是出于对孩子增加屏幕时间的担忧，这暗示了可能对儿童健康有害。
31. A.根据文章第六段"The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading."可知，报告中最令人鼓舞的数据显示，父母在阅读方面为孩子树立了榜样并担任了重要的指导角色，因此父母应该通过作为榜样来鼓励孩子多阅读。
D
We’ve been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem? It is possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness research Institute at Indian university Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” say Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”
Dunn believes that people who research out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.
32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A. Addiction to smartphones.
B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C. Absence of communication between strangers.
D. Impatience with slow service.
33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?
A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.
C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.
34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?
A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.
C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. conversation Counts
B. Ways of Making Small Talk
C. Benefits of Small Talk
D. uncomfortable Silence
答案解析：
32. C. 第一段描述了在电梯、银行排队或飞机上，人们专注于自己的智能手机，或者不舒服地沉默，这表明了陌生人之间缺乏交流的现象。
33. B. 根据第三段中Carducci的话"The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them."可知，成功的小聊的关键是学习如何与他人建立联系，而不仅仅是与他们交流。
34. D. 根据第四段中Dunn的研究结果"The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience."可知，与服务员聊天的人报告了更积极的感受和更好的咖啡店体验，这表明小聊可以让人感觉良好。
35. C. 整篇文章讨论了小聊的重要性，以及它如何带来积极的社会和实践上的好处，因此最佳标题应该是“小聊的好处”。其他选项要么范围太窄，要么没有涵盖文章的主要内容。
2018年全国卷三
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens
Visitor Information
How to Get to Holker
By Car: Follow brown signs an A590 from JB6, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-1 hour 30 minutes.
By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster Preston for connections to major cities & airports.
Opening Times
Sunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30 March-2nd November.
Admission Charges
Hall & Gardens | Gardens | |
Adults: | £12.00 | £8.00 |
Groups | £9 | £5.5 |
Special Events
Producers' Market 13th April
Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.
Holker Garden Festival 30th May
The event celebrate its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
National Garden Day 28th August
Holker once again opens is gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.
Winter Market 8th November
This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifs while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.
21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?
A. 20 minutes. B. 25 minutes.
C. 45 minutes. D. 90 minutes.
22. How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit to Hall & Cardens?
A. £12.00. B. £9.00. C. £8.0 D. £5.50
23. Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?
A. Producers’ Market. B. Holker Garden Festival.
C. National Garden Day. D. Winter Market.
答案解析：
21. D 根据文章中"How to Get to Holker"部分的信息，从Manchester到Holker的大致行驶时间是1小时30分钟，即90分钟。因此，选项D是正确的。
22. B 根据文章中"Admission Charges"部分的信息，团体游客参观Hall & Gardens的费用是£9.00。因此，选项B是正确的。
23. D 根据文章中"Special Events"部分的信息，Winter Market活动中有现场音乐表演和街头娱乐。因此，如果想要看现场音乐表演，应该参加Winter Market。选项D是正确的。
B
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.
24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City?
A. Its business culture.
B. Its small population.
C. Its geographical position.
D. Its favourable climate.
25. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?
A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.
B. One out of five people got rich.
C. Almost everyone gave up.
D. Half of them died.
26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?
A. They found the city too crowded.
B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable to stand the winter.
D. They were short of food.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. The rise and fall of a city.
B. The gold rush in Canada.
C. Journeys into the wilderness.
D. Tourism in Dawson.
答案解析：
24. C 根据第一段的信息，城市通常因为某些地理优势而建立，比如附近的港口或河流。纽约市就是一个例子，它靠近哈德逊河河口的一个大港口。因此，吸引早期定居者到纽约市的是其地理位置。选项C是正确的。
25. B 根据第二段的信息，第一批在Dawson挖掘黄金的人中，大约有4,000人致富，而总共大约有20,000人参与了挖掘。计算得出，大约五分之一的人致富了。选项B是正确的。
26. B 根据第三段的信息，当Dawson依赖的黄金被发现完后，人们失去了兴趣，并且当他们在阿拉斯加听到有新的黄金发现时，他们迅速离开了Dawson。这表明许多人离开Dawson的主要原因是想去其他地方试试运气。选项B是正确的。
27. A 整篇文章讲述了Dawson这个城市的兴起和衰落，从发现黄金时的迅速增长到黄金耗尽后的衰退，以及现在成为旅游业的现状。因此，文章主要是关于一个城市的兴衰。选项A是正确的。
C
While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.
Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.
Wang serves as head of the Architecture department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.
The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.
Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).
Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that traditions once existed," he said.
"Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, " he said.
"Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, " said Wang.
The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.
28. Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.
A. following the latest world trend
B. getting international recognition
C. working harder than ever before
D. relying on foreign architects
29. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?
A. Its hilly environment.
B. Its large size.
C. Its unique style.
D. Its diverse functions.
30. What made Wang’s architectural design a success?
A. The mixture of different shapes.
B. The balance of East and West.
C. The use of popular techniques.
D. The harmony of old and new.
31. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?
A. spread them to the world. B. Preserve them at museums.
C. Teach them in universities. D. Recreate them in practice.
答案解析：
28. B 根据第二段的信息，王澍赢得了2012年普利兹克建筑奖，这通常被称为建筑界的诺贝尔奖。他成为第一个获此奖项的中国公民。这表明中国建筑师正在获得国际认可。选项B是正确的。
29.C 根据第四段的信息，许多访客对校园中复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到惊讶。这表明最让访客印象深刻的是校园的独特风格。选项C是正确的。
30. D 根据第六段和第七段的信息，王澍的作品因其将现代和传统中国元素相结合而吸引了大量关注。他的作品展示了现代建筑的深刻理解和对传统的良好知识，通过这种平衡，他创造了一种新的中国建筑类型。这表明王澍的建筑设计成功的原因是新旧元素的和谐结合。选项D是正确的。
31. D 根据最后两段的信息，王澍认为传统不应该被封存在博物馆的玻璃盒子里，而应该在实际中重新创造。他强调，对传统的学习应该与实践相结合，否则对传统的再现将是人为的和空洞的。这表明根据王澍的观点，我们应该在实践中重新创造中国传统。选项D是正确的。
D
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)
For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.
We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.
32. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. The more, the better. B. Enough is enough.
C. More money, more worries. D. Earn more and spend more.
33. What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?
A. Saving up for her holiday B. Raising money for a poor girl
C. Adding the money to her fund D. Giving the money to a sick mother
34. Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?
A. To try out an idea
B. To show a parent’s love
C. To train his attention
D. To help him start a hobby
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Take It or Leave It B. A Lesson from Kids
C. Live More with Less D. The Pleasure of Giving
答案解析：
32. A “more is more”这个短语在第一段中的意思是，当我们谈论孩子和他们的物品时，我们通常认为越多越好。选项A "The more, the better."(越多越好)与这个意思相符。
33. C 根据第二段的信息，Georgia同意卖掉一些她的物品是因为我们承诺将钱放入她的学校基金中。选项C "Adding the money to her fund"(将钱加入她的基金)是正确的。
34. A 根据第四段的信息，作者和他的儿子Shepherd玩球是为了测试他自己的理论，即用一个玩具就能让孩子保持兴趣。选项A "To try out an idea"(尝试一个想法)是正确的。
35. C 整篇文章讲述了作者如何帮助自己的孩子学会在拥有更少物品的情况下生活得更多，以及通过简化玩具和活动来提高生活质量的经验。因此，选项C "Live More with Less"(用更少的物品生活得更多)是一个合适的标题。
2018年北京卷
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40 分)
第一节(共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，共 30 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
My First Marathon (马拉松)
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.
The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.
36. A month before the marathon, the author .
A. was well trained
B. felt scared
C. made up his mind to run
D. lost hope
37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C. To show he was not talented in sports.
D. To share a precious memory.
38. How was the author’s first marathon?
A. He made it.
B. He quit halfway.
C. He got the first prize.
D. He walked to the end.
39. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. A man owes his success to his family support.
B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C. failure is the mother of success.
D. One is never too old to learn.
答案解析：
36. C 根据第一段中的"I was determined to go ahead."可知，作者在马拉松比赛前一个月，尽管脚踝受伤，但他决心继续参加比赛。因此，选项C "made up his mind to run"(下定决心要跑)符合题意。
37. C 根据第二段中的"I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was 'not athletic'."可知，作者提到七年级的体育课是为了展示他在运动方面没有天赋。因此，选项C "To show he was not talented in sports"(为了显示他在运动方面没有天赋)符合题意。
38. A 根据最后一段中的"But I finished! And I got a medal."可知，作者虽然不是第一个完成比赛，但他确实完成了马拉松。因此，选项A "He made it"(他做到了)符合题意。
39. B 文章主要讲述了作者在脚踝受伤、训练时间不足的情况下，凭借坚定的意志完成了他的第一个马拉松。因此，选项B "A winner is one with a great effort of will"(赢家是那些付出巨大意志努力的人)最能概括文章的主旨。
B
Find Your adventure at the Space and Aviation (航空) Center
If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation center (SAC) is the place to be. The center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they’re studying in the classroom.
For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges (荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.
With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
Stay an hour or stay a week—there is something here for everyone!
For more details, please visit us online at www.oursac.com.
40. Why do people come to SAC?
A. To experience adventures.
B. To look for jobs in aviation.
C. To get a degree in engineering.
D. To learn more about medicine.
41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .
A. fly to space B. get an Aviation badge first
C. study the principles of flight D. build and fire model rockets
42. What is the most important for trainees?
A. Leadership. B. Team spirit. C. Task planning. D. Survival skills.
答案解析：
40. A 根据文章第一段中的"If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation center (SAC) is the place to be."可知，人们来到SAC是为了寻找独特的冒险体验。因此，选项A "To experience adventures"(体验冒险)符合题意。
41. D 根据文章第三段中的"At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets..."可知，为了获得太空探索徽章，学员需要建造并发射模型火箭。因此，选项D "build and fire model rockets"(建造并发射模型火箭)是正确的。
42. B 根据文章最后一段中的"With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task."可知，对于所有项目来说，团队合作是最重要的，因为学员们学习领导力和成为更大任务一部分的重要性。因此，选项B "Team spirit"(团队精神)是最重要的。
C
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills (垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste (糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,” she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the university of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes (肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
B. They are newly evolved creatures.
C. They can consume plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
44. according to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
A. identify other means of the breakdown
B. find out the source of the enzyme
C. confirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdown speed
45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future
46. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain a study method on worms.
B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C. To present a way to break down plastics.
D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
答案解析：
43. C 根据第二段中的"The worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it."可知，这些虫子能够消耗和分解塑料。因此，选项C "They can consume plastics"(它们可以消耗塑料)是正确的。
44. B 根据第四段中的"The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes?"可知，下一步的研究是要确定分解的原因，即酶是由虫子本身产生的还是由其肠道微生物产生的。因此，选项B "find out the source of the enzyme"(找出酶的来源)是正确的。
45. D 根据最后一段中的"Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”"可知，Bertocchini希望有一天能够利用这种酶在工业过程中分解垃圾填埋场中的塑料。因此，选项D "be produced in factories in future"(未来在工厂中生产)是可以推断出的。
46. C 整篇文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现某些虫子能够分解聚乙烯塑料，这为解决塑料污染问题提供了一种可能的方法。因此，选项C "To present a way to break down plastics"(提出一种分解塑料的方法)是文章的主要目的。
D
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions (排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars? imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services.
A study from the university of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues (责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
47. according to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?
A. Safety. B. Side effects.
C. Affordability. D. Management.
49. What does the underlined word “fielded” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Employed. B. Replaced.
C. Shared. D. Reduced.
50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
答案解析：
47.A. 作者在文章第二段中提到，政策制定者也应该讨论自动驾驶汽车如何帮助减少交通拥堵、减少排放，并提供更方便、更实惠的出行选择。因此，作者认为我们应该关注自动驾驶汽车如何解决交通相关问题，选项A正确。
48.D.作者在最后一段中提到政策制定者应该考虑如何确保无人驾驶汽车的出现不会加剧我们现有的以汽车为主导的交通运输系统的最糟糕方面，因此作者主要关心的是无人驾驶汽车的管理问题，选项D为正确答案。
49.A. 在第四段中提到，考虑到自动驾驶技术的成本以及责任和维护问题，第一批商用无人驾驶汽车几乎肯定会被叫车服务所使用。根据上下文推断，fielded在此处的意思是“使用”，与employed同义。因此，答案为A。
50.B. 作者在文章中提到无人驾驶车辆的出现是一个机会，可以确保这些车辆环保、共享，而且未来的技术进步为城市和国家提供了发展交通运输系统的机会，旨在让更多的人能够更经济地出行。因此，作者对无人驾驶汽车的未来持积极态度，选项B正确。
2018年浙江卷
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were66 novels published inBritain.People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel toRobinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printingpress was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Manyworks of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often withsomething like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or justplain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the worldmourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved,who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readershipand whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literaturewould make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top? For allthe feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and thetest of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published duringthe Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able toname a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writingattracted audiences
from all walksof life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political andscientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literatureand put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent,ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200thanniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our ownculture—to understand how he madehimself a lasting one.
21. Which ofthe following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A. They weredifficult to understand. B. They werepopular among the rich.
C. They wereseen as nearly worthless. D. They werewritten mostly by women.
22. Dickens iscompared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A. hisreputation inFrance B.his interest in modern art
C. his successin publication D.his importance in literature
23. What isthe author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remembera great writer. B. Tointroduce an English novel.
C. Toencourage studies on culture.D. Topromote values of the Victorian age.
答案解析：
21. C。根据第一段第三句“Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.”可知，在18世纪，大多数小说被认为是愚蠢、不道德的，或者说是毫无价值的。因此，C选项“它们被视为几乎毫无价值”与原文描述相符。
22. D。根据第二段最后一句“Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.”可知，狄更斯的伟大是不可挑战的，将他移出英国文学的名人堂，就像卢浮宫卖掉《蒙娜丽莎》一样没有意义。这里将狄更斯与《蒙娜丽莎》进行比较，是为了强调他在文学中的重要性。因此，D选项“他在文学中的重要性”是正确的。
23. A。根据最后一段最后一句“But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了纪念这位伟大的作家，并探讨他是如何成为一个永恒的作家的。因此，A选项“纪念一位伟大的作家”是正确的。
B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbagetrucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s anenvironmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things thatfall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even moreinteresting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industrybehind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thinfilm plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highwaysthat a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibitedin some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing theseheadwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to makethe case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most peopleassume.
Among the bag makers' argument: manycities with bans still allow shoppers to purchasepaper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce andtransport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to lookat, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.z.x.xk
The industry has also taken aim at theproduct that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The strongera reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancelsout. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One studyfound that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for theplanet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑) these points. They hopepaper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the samereusable bags for years.
24. What hasSteven Stein been hired to do?
A. Helpincrease grocery sales. B. Recycle thewaste material.
C. Stop thingsfalling off trucks. D. argue for theuse of plastic bags.
25. What doesthe word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Bans onplastic bags. B. Effects of citydevelopment.
C. Headachescaused by garbage. D. Plastic bags hungin trees.
26. What is adisadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
A. They arequite expensive. B. Replacing themcan be difficult.
C. They areless strong than plastic bags. D. Producing them requires more energy.
27. What isthe best title for the text?
A. Plastic,Paper or Neither B. Industry,Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle orThrow Away D. Garbage Collectionand Waste Control
答案解析：
24. D。根据第二段最后一句"Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume."可知，面对这些逆风，塑料袋制造商雇佣了像斯坦因这样的科学家来证明他们的产品对地球的危害并不像大多数人认为的那样严重。因此，D选项为塑料袋的使用辩护”是正确的。
25. A。根据第二段提到的"plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume"以及第三段提到的"Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags..."可知，headwinds指的是对塑料袋的禁令。因此，A选项塑料袋的禁令”是正确的。
26. D。根据第四段最后一句"However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make."可知，可重复使用的袋子更耐用，但生产它们需要更多的能源。因此，D选项生产它们需要更多的能源”是正确的。
27. A。整篇文章讨论了塑料袋、纸袋和可重复使用袋子的优缺点，以及它们对环境的影响。文章的核心是讨论哪种袋子更适合使用，或者是否都不适合。因此，A选项塑料、纸还是都不是”作为最佳标题是最合适的。
C
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago,with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Fordwould build fifteen million of them.
ModernAmericawas born on the road,behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of Americanculture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. Formost of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The roadnovel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born ofabundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, thelargest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined anAmericawith “achicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society hasmoved onward, never looking back, as the car transformedAmericafrom afarm-based society into an industrial power.
The cars that drove the American Dream havehelped to create a global ecological disaster. InAmericathe demand for oil hasgrown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption, climate change and population growthhave been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. Hefears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability todesign, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, cleanair and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in thenew century.”
28. Why ishamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travellingby car.
B. To show the influence of cars on Americanculture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness ofAmerica’s roadsystem.
29. Whathas the use of cars inAmericaled to?
A. Decline of economy. B. Environmental problems.
C. A shortage of oil supply. D.A farm-based society.
30. What isFriedman’s attitude towardsAmerica’sfuture?
A. Ambiguous. B.Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolerant.
答案解析：
28. B。第二段中提到汽车塑造了一些美国文化中最持久的特点，例如路边餐厅、广告牌、汽车旅馆，甚至汉堡包。这里提到汉堡包是为了展示汽车对美国文化的影响，因此B选项展示汽车对美国文化的影响”是正确的。
解析：文章第二段讲述了汽车如何塑造了美国文化的一些方面，汉堡包作为美国文化的一个典型代表，其提及是为了说明汽车对文化的影响。
29. B。第四段提到，推动美国梦的汽车帮助创造了一场全球生态灾难。这表明汽车的使用导致了环境问题，因此B选项环境问题”是正确的。
解析：文章第四段明确指出，汽车的普及和使用导致了全球生态灾难，这与环境问题直接相关。
30. C。最后一段中，弗里德曼指出，绿色经济是保持美国力量的机会，他认为设计、建造和出口绿色技术将是新世纪的权力货币。这表明他对美国的未来持乐观态度，因此C选项乐观的”是正确的。
解析：文章最后一段弗里德曼提到了绿色经济是美国力量的机会，并且他对最坏的情况感到恐惧，但仍然抱有最好的希望，这表明他对未来持有希望。
2018年11月浙江卷
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答
题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The most welcome sight on a cold,wet winter night in London is the familiar shape of a
London taxi cab approaching with its yellow "for hire" sign shining brightly. that shows it is
ready to pick you up. Travelling by taxi in London is not just a way of going from one place
to another. It is an experience to be enjoyed and remembered.
The main reason for this is the drivers, who are called “cabbies."Many of them are true Cockneys. This means they were born in the heart of London and speak their own special dialect(方言)of English. All of them know every street and famous building in the city, and all of them love to talk. A simple twenty-minute journey across town can become very interesting. You may have a discussion about the government and its leaders or a friendly talk about the driver's Aunty Nellie! One thing is for sure, it will never be boring. Cabbies know all the latest news about film stars, the Royal Family, government leaders, and popular singers or actors and actresses.
They also know the best places to eat, shop and relax. And they can take you straight to any large hotel, department store, theatre or museum. They know the shortest way possible without even looking at a map, because everyone who wants to become a taxi driver must pass a very difficult examination in order to get a license to drive a taxi. The exam is called "The Knowledge." It is a written test, and in it drivers are asked the shortest way from one place to another. They must take into account the time of day --in rush hour, a longer route(路线)may be quicker -- and describe the best way. moreover they must never forget the one-way streets!
21.From what can we tell that someone is a Cockney?
A.Their interest. B.Their manners.
C.Their speech. D.Their appearance.
22.What does the author suggest by mentioning "Aunty Nellie”in paragraph 2?
A. Passengers are full of curiosity.
B. Cabbies' topics are wide-ranging.
C. Aunty Nellie is popular in London.
D .Londoners are friendly to each other.
23.What is the purpose of "The Knowledge"?
A.To qualify one to drive a taxi. B.To assess one's driving skills.
C.To test drivers' ability to write. D.To check taxi drivers' memory.
答案解析：
21. C 根据第一段中的描述，Cockneys是指出生在伦敦中心的人，他们讲一种特殊的英语方言。因此，我们可以通过他们的言语来判断某人是否是Cockney。
22. B 作者提到“Aunty Nellie”是为了说明出租车司机们喜欢交谈，话题范围广泛。这表明乘客和司机之间可以进行友好的对话，甚至包括司机家庭成员的话题。
23. A “The Knowledge”是一项资格考试，想要成为出租车司机的人必须通过这项考试来获得驾驶出租车的执照。考试内容涉及对伦敦街道和著名建筑的了解，以及在不同时间段选择最佳路线的能力。因此，其目的是为了证明某人具备驾驶出租车的资格。
B
This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents' homes, sleep-away camps and lifeguard stands. But summer vacation hasn't always been a birthright of U.S. schoolchildren. Before the Civil War, schools operated on one of two calendars(日历), neither of which included a summer vacation. Rural(农村的)schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons. Urban students, meanwhile, regularly had as many as 48 weeks of study a year, with one break per quarter.
In the 1840s, however, educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the two calendars out of concern that rural schooling was not enough and that overusing of young minds could lead to nervous disorders. Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break: it offered a rest for teachers, fit in the farming calendar and reduced doctors' concern that packing students into hot classrooms would promote the spread of disease.
But people's opinion about the modern U.S.school year, which averages 180 days,is still divided. Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007. Others insist that with children under increasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships(实习)or study, there's still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood.
24.What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do?
A.Enjoy a summer vacation.
B.Take a break each quarter.
C.Have 48 weeks of study a year.
D.Assist their parents with farm work.
25.What did the educational reformers do in the 1840s?
A.They introduced summer vacation.
B.They shortened rural school terms.
C.They promoted the study of farming.
D.They advocated higher pay for teachers.
26.Why are some people unhappy about the modem U.S.school year?
A.It pushes the teachers too hard. B.It reduces the quality of education.
C.It ignores science instruction. D.It includes no time for internships.
答案解析：
24. D 根据第一段中的描述，农村学校在Civil War之前采用的是夏季和冬季学期制，这让孩子们在春季种植和秋季收获季节有空闲帮助家里做农活。因此，农村学校日历允许孩子们帮助父母做农活。
25. A 根据第二段，19世纪40年代的教育改革者如Horace Mann出于对农村教育不足的担忧，决定合并两种日历，引入了暑假。因此，教育改革者在19世纪40年代引入了暑假。
26. B 根据最后一段，一些专家认为，20世纪初确立的愉快的但懒散的暑假是导致美国高中生的数学技能和毕业率在国际教育报告中排名低于平均水平的原因之一。这表明一些人不满现代美国学校年度的原因是它降低了教育的质量。
C
I start every summer with the best of intentions: to attack one big book from the past, a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious. often the pairings of books and settings have been purely accidental: "Moby Dick" on a three-day cross-country train trip;“The magic Mountain"in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors, no telephones or televisions in the rooms, and little to do beyond row on the salt pond. Attempting "The Man Without Qualities" on a return to Hawaii, my native state, however, was less fruitful: I made it through one and a quarter volumes(册)，then decided that I'd got the point and went swimming instead.
But this summer I find myself at a loss. I'm not quite interested in Balzac, say, or“Tristram Shandy." There's always "War and Peace," which I've covered some distance several times, only to get bogged down in the “War"part, set it aside for a while, and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again, having forgotten everyone's name and social rank. How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite -once more into “The Waves”or “Justine,” which feels almost like cheating, too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature.
And then there's Stendhal's "The Red and the Black," which happens to be the name of my favorite cocktail(鸡尾酒)of the summer, created by Michael Cecconi at Savoy and Back Forty. It is easy to drink, and knocking back three or four seems like such a delightful idea. Cecconi's theory:“ I take whatever's fresh at the greenmarket and turn it into liquid."The result is a pure shot of afternoon in the park, making one feel cheerful and peaceful all at once, lying on uncut grass with eyes shut, sun beating through the lids..…
27.What can we infer about the author from the first paragraph?
A.He has a cottage in New England. B.He shows talents for literature.
C.He enjoys reading when traveling. D.He admires a lot of great writers.
28.What do the underlined words “get bogged down”in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Get confused. B.Be carried away.
C.Be interrupted. D.Make no progress.
29.Why does the author say reading his favorite books feels like cheating?
A.He finishes them quickly. B.He should read something serious.
C.He barely understands them. D.He has read them many times before.
30.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.The Books of Summer B.My Summer Holidays
C.To Read or Not to Read D.It's Never Too Late to Read
答案解析：
27. C 从第一段中，作者描述了在不同的地方阅读不同的经典书籍的经历，这表明他在旅行时喜欢阅读。他没有提到自己在新英格兰有别墅，也没有明确表示自己有文学天赋或崇拜许多伟大的作家，因此C选项是正确的。
28. D 第二段中提到的“get bogged down”意味着作者在阅读《战争与和平》的“战争”部分时遇到了困难，无法继续前进，因此进展停滞。这个词组在这里的意思是“进展缓慢或停滞”，所以D选项是正确的。
29. B 作者说重新阅读他最喜欢的书籍感觉像是在作弊，因为这太令人兴奋和有趣了，不应该算作严肃文学的阅读。这表明他认为自己应该阅读更严肃的文学作品，而不是仅仅为了乐趣而阅读，所以B选项是正确的。
30. A 整篇文章讲述了作者每个夏天选择阅读经典书籍的习惯和他对阅读这些书籍的感受。虽然文章中也提到了假期和鸡尾酒，但这些内容都是为了衬托作者对夏日阅读的体验。因此，最适合的标题应该是与夏日阅读相关的，A选项“夏日的书籍”最能概括文章的主题。
2017年全国卷2
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their own language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us.
National theatre Of China Beijing | ChineseThis great occasion (盛会) will be the National theatre of China’s first visit to the UK. The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.Date & Time: Saturday 28 April, 2:30pm & Sunday 29 April,1:30pm & 6:30pm
Marjanishvili theatre Tbilisi | Georgian One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed (指导) by the company’s Artistic director Levan Tsuladze.Date & Time: Friday 18 May, 2:30pm & Saturday 19May, 7:30pm
Deafinitely theater London | British Sign language (BSL)By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.Date & Time: Tuesday 22 May, 2:30pm & Wednesday 23 May, 7:30pm
Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv | HebrewThe Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide, Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958,they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.Date & Time: Monday 28 May, 7:30pm & Tuesday 29 May, 7:30pm
21.Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?
A. Richard Ⅲ.
B. Lover’s Labour’s Lost.
C. As You Like It.
D. The merchant of Venice.
22.What is special about Deafinnitely Theatre?
A. It has two groups of actors.
B. It is the leading theatre in London.
C. It performs plays in BSL.
D. It is good at producing comedies.
23.When can you see a play in Hebrew?
A. On Saturday 28Apil. B. On Sunday 29 April.
C. On Tuesday 22 May. D. On Tuesday 29 May.
答案解析：
21. A. 根据文章中关于中国国家剧院的描述，提到了他们将演出莎士比亚的《理查德三世》，所以正确答案是A。
22. C. 文章中提到Deafinitely Theater将《爱的徒劳》翻译成英国手语(BSL)，并以此表演，这表明该剧院的特色是使用BSL表演戏剧，所以正确答案是C。
23. D. 根据文章中关于Habima National Theatre的描述，提到了他们将在5月29日星期二演出莎士比亚的《威尼斯商人》，这是用希伯来语表演的，所以正确答案是D。
B
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.
We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.
24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first?
A. Paul Newman wanted it.
B. The studio powers didn’t like his agent.
C. He wasn’t famous enough.
D. The director recommended someone else.
25.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?
A. They were of the same age.
B. They worked in the same theater.
C. They were both good actors.
D. They have similar characteristics.
26.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Their belief.
B. Their care for children.
C. Their success.
D. Their support for each other.
27.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To show his love of films.
B. To remember a friend.
C. To introduce a new movie.
D. To share his acting experience.
答案解析：
24. C. 根据第一段中的描述，制片厂不想让作者出演电影，因为它想要一个和保罗·纽曼一样知名的人，这表明作者当时不够知名，所以正确答案是C。
25. D. 第二段中提到，他们之间的友谊源于他们都来自戏剧和现场电视的传统，他们都尊重技艺，专注于挖掘角色，并且具有美国演员典型的品质和美德，如幽默、进取和相互取乐但始终带有深层的感情。这些共同的特点是他们持久友谊的基础，所以正确答案是D。
26. A. 第三段中提到的“that”指的是前一句中的“we shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back”，即他们共同的观点是，如果你有幸获得成功，你应该回馈社会。所以正确答案是A。
27. B. 整篇文章是作者对保罗·纽曼的回忆，讲述了他们之间的友谊和工作经历，以及他们对彼此的支持。文章的目的是为了纪念这位朋友，所以正确答案是B。
C
Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle — named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.
28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The basic data of the Transition.
B. The advantages of flying cars.
C. The potential market for flying cars.
D. The designers of the Transition.
29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?
A. It causers traffic jams.
B. It is difficult to operate.
C. It is very expensive.
D. It burns too much fuel.
30. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?
A. Cautious
B. Favorable.
C. Ambiguous.
D. Disapproving.
31. What is the best title for the text?
A. Flying Car at Auto Show
B. The Transition’s First Flight
C. Pilots’ Dream Coming True
D. Flying Car Closer to Reality
答案解析：
28. A. 第一段主要介绍了Terrafugia公司新推出的飞行汽车Transition的基本数据，包括座位数、车轮数、可折叠机翼等特征，以及飞行和驾驶的具体数据。因此，答案为A。
29. C. Transition的预计售价高达279，000美元，价格非常昂贵，因此不太可能在太多车道上出现。
30. B. 政府已经允许该公司使用特殊材料，让车辆更容易飞行，说明政府对于飞车的研发持支持态度，因此答案为B。
31. D. 全文讲述Terrafugia公司新推出的飞行汽车Transition已经完成首次飞行，使该公司更接近其在明年出售飞行汽车的目标。同时，政府也已经允许该公司使用特殊材料来制造这种汽车，使其更容易飞行。因此，本文最佳标题为“飞行汽车更接近现实”。
D
When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的)
than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.
32. What does a plant do when it is under attack?
A. It makes noises.
B. It gets help from other plants.
C. It stands quietly
D. It sends out certain chemicals.
33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?
A. The attackers get attacked.
B. The insects gather under the table.
C. The plants get ready to fight back.
D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.
34.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .
A. predict natural disasters
B. protect themselves against insects
C. talk to one another intentionally
D. help their neighbors when necessary
35.what can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The world is changing faster than ever.
B. People have stronger senses than before
C. The world is more complex than it seems
D. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.
答案解析：
32. D. 根据第一段的内容，当植物受到攻击时，它会释放出特定的化学物质，这些化学物质来自植物的受伤部分，似乎是一种警报。因此，正确答案是D。
33. A.第三段中提到，一些植物会释放出香味来吸引攻击者的天敌昆虫，一旦这些天敌昆虫到达，攻击者就会变成食物。这里的“the tables are turned”意味着情况发生了逆转，攻击者变成了被攻击的对象。因此，正确答案是A。
34. B. 根据第四段的内容，研究表明这些化学交流帮助了邻近的植物。第一个植物通常受损更严重，但邻近的植物相对安全，因为它们听到了警报并知道该怎么做。这表明植物通过释放化学物质来保护自己免受昆虫的侵害。因此，正确答案是B。
35. C. 最后一段中提到，查尔斯·达尔文在150多年前就想象了一个比我们所能看到和听到的世界更加繁忙、嘈杂和亲密的世界。我们的感官是脆弱的，有很多事情正在发生。这表明作者认为世界比我们看起来要复杂得多。因此，正确答案是C。
2017年6月浙江卷
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
21. What is the text mainly about?A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.B. Williams’ influence on Benjamin.C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
22. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?
A. The cat would be closely watched.
B. The cat would get some medical care.
C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
23. What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?
A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B. He provided him with painting materials.
C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D. He taught him how to make engravings.
24. Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to ________.
A. master the use of paints
B. appreciate landscape paintings
C. get to know other painters
D. make up his mind to be a painter
答案解析：
21. C 本文主要讲述了美国绘画之父本杰明·韦斯特的艺术生涯的起点，包括他如何制作画笔、接受表兄的礼物、去费城参观以及决定成为艺术家的过程。
22. D 划线句子表明本杰明的猫的命运即将改善，结合上下文，这意味着本杰明将不再需要用猫毛制作画笔，因为他将很快拥有真正的画笔。
23. B 根据第三段的内容，本杰明的表兄彭宁顿给他寄了一盒颜料和一些画笔，这些都是绘画材料，帮助本杰明发展他的艺术才能。
24. D 文章最后一段提到，尽管本杰明对这两本书理解不多，但它们是他接触古典绘画的入门，并使他决定成为一名艺术家。这说明这两本书帮助本杰明下定决心成为一名画家。
B
Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. according to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said that they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.
“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown university Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult zxxk characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some zxxk school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
25. What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?
A. American kids’ sleeping habits. B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness. D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.
26. How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?
A. 7 hours. B. 8 hours. C. 10 hours. D. 18 hours.
27. Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?
A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.
B. They tend to do things that excite them.
C. They follow their parents’ examples.
D. They don’t need to go to school early.
答案解析：
25. A 根据第一段提到的“According to a new survey by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights,”可以判断，这项新的国家睡眠基金会调查是关于美国孩子的睡眠习惯。
26. C 根据第二段提到的“For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal,”可以得知，对于大多数学龄儿童来说，理想的睡眠时间是每天10小时。
27. B 根据第三段中Dr. Mary Carskadon的话“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone... these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.”可以推断，青少年晚睡是因为他们倾向于在睡前做些让他们兴奋的事情，如看电视、上网和打电话。
C
FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and elderly, but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become a more vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合). Others say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has zxxk witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy’s then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accounting for an even larger percentage of births in Italy.Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.Italians always “see me as a foreigner,” an outsider, even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.
28. Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?
A. To continue to stay in Italy. B. To teach her children Italian.
C. To find a better job in Italy. D. To better mix with the Italians.
29. Some people worry that the new language requirement may ________.
A. reduce Italy’s population quickly B. cause conflicts among people
C. lead to financial difficulties D. put pressure on schools
30. What do we know about Cojochru?
A. She lives with her sister now in Italy.
B. She enjoys learning the Italian language.
C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job.
D. She wishes to go back to her home country.
答案解析：
28. A 根据第一段中的“but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test”可知，Cojochru必须通过语言考试来证明自己的语言能力，以便继续留在意大利。
29. B 根据第二段中的“Some immigrant advocates worry that...such measures will become a more vehicle for intolerance than integration”可知，一些移民倡导者担心这些措施可能会加剧人们的不容忍，而不是促进融合，这可能会引起人们之间的冲突。
30. C 根据最后一段中的“She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration... she can speak the local language fluently”可知，Cojochru对语言要求是否能促进融合表示怀疑，并且她提到自己能流利地说当地语言，这表明她的意大利语足够好，能够胜任她的工作。其他选项A、B和D在文中没有提及或者与文意不符。
2017年11月浙江卷
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
When I was in fourth grade, I worked part-time as a paperboy. Mrs.Stanley was one of my customers. She'd watch me coming down her street, and by the time I'd biked up to her doorstep, there'd be a cold drink waiting. I'd sit and drink while she talked.
Mrs.Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband, "Mr. Stanley and I went shopping this morning." she'd say. The first time she said that, soda(汽水) went up my nose.
I told my father how Mrs. Stanley talked as if Mr. Stanley were still alive. Dad said she was probably lonely, and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile, and maybe she'd work it out of her system. So that's what I did, and it turned out Dad was right. After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery(墓地).
I finally quit delivering newspapers and didn't see Mrs. Stanley for several years. Then we crossed paths at a church fund-raiser(募捐活动). She was spooning mashed potatoes and looking happy. Four years before, she'd had to offer her paperboy a drink to have someone to talk with. Now she had friends. Her husband was gone, but life went on.
I live in the city now, and my paperboy is a lady named Edna with three kids. She asks me how I'm doing. When I don't say "fine", she sticks around to hear my problems. She's lived in the city most of her life, but she knows about community. community isn't so much a place as it is a state of mind. You find it whenever people ask how you're doing because they care, and not because they're getting paid to do so. Sometimes it's good to just smile, nod your head and listen.
21. Why did soda go up the author's nose one time?
A. He was talking fast. B. He was shocked.
C. He was in a hurry. D. He was absent-minded.
22. Why did the author sit and listen to Mrs. Stanley according to paragraph 3?
A. He enjoyed the drink. B. He wanted to be helpful.
C. He took the chance to rest. D. He tried to please his dad.
23. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase "work it our of her system"?
A. recover from her sadness B. move out of the neighborhood
C. turn to her old friends D. speak out about her past
24. What does the author think people in a community should do?
A. Open up to others. B. depend on each other.
C. Pay for other's help D. Care about one another.
答案解析：
21. B 根据第一段中的描述，当Mrs. Stanley说她和已经去世的丈夫去购物时，作者感到非常惊讶，以至于汽水都喷出了鼻子。这表明他是因为震惊而导致的。
22. B 根据第三段，作者的父亲建议他坐下来听Mrs. Stanley说话，点头微笑，这样她可能会慢慢调整过来。这表明作者听从父亲的建议，希望能够帮助Mrs. Stanley。
23. A 短语"work it out of her system"在这里的意思是Mrs. Stanley通过谈论她已故的丈夫来逐渐克服她的悲伤。因此，"recover from her sadness"是正确的替换短语。
24. D 根据最后一段，作者认为社区不仅仅是一个地方，更是一种心态。当人们因为关心而询问你的情况时，你就找到了社区。这表明作者认为社区中的人们应该彼此关心。
B
It's surprising how much simple movement of the body can affect the way we think. Using expansive gestures with open arms makes us feel more powerful, crossing your arms makes you more determined and lying down can bring more insights(领悟).
So if moving the body can have these effects, what about the clothes we wear? We're all well aware of how dressing up in different ways can make us feel more attractive, sporty or professional, depending on the clothes we wear, but can the clothes actually change cognitive(认知) performance or is it just a feeling?
Adam and Galinsky tested the effect of simply wearing a white lab coat on people's powers of attention. The idea is that white coats are associated with scientists, who are in turn thought to have close attention to detail.
What they found was that people wearing white coats performed better than those who weren't. Indeed, they made only half as many errors as those wearing their own clothes on the Stroop Test(one way of measuring attention). The researchrs call the effect "enclothed cognition," suggesting that all manner of different clothes probably affect our cognition in many different ways.
This opens the way for all sorts of clothes-based experiments. Is the writer who wears a fedora more creative? Is the psychologist wearing little round glasses and smoking a cigar more insightful? Does a chef's hat make the restaurant food taste better?
From now on I will only be editing articles for PsyBlog while wearing a white coat to help keep the typing error count low. Hopefully you will be doing your part by reading PsyBlog in a cap and gown(学位服).
25. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Body movements change the way people think.
B. How people dress has an influenced on their feelings.
C. What people wear can affect their cognitive performance.
D. People doing different jobs should wear different clothes.
26. Adam and Galinsky's experiment tested the effect of clothes on their wearers'______.
A. insights B. movements C. attention D. appearance
27. How does the author sound in the last paragraph?
A. Academic. B. Humorous. C. Formal. D. Hopeful.
答案解析：
25. C 文章的主旨是探讨穿着对人们认知表现的影响。第一段提到了身体动作对思维的影响，但这是为了引出文章的主题，即衣服对认知表现的影响。接下来的实验和讨论都是围绕这个主题展开的。
26. C 根据第三段，Adam和Galinsky的实验是测试穿白大褂对人们注意力的影响。文中提到白大褂与科学家联系在一起，而科学家被认为对细节有高度的注意力。
27. B 在最后一段，作者提到自己将只穿着白大褂编辑文章，以减少打字错误，并且希望读者穿着学位服阅读PsyBlog，这显然是一种幽默的说法，表明作者在轻松幽默的氛围中结束文章。
C
There are energy savings to be made from all recyclable materials, sometimes huge savings. Recycling plastics and aluminum, for instance, uses only 5% to 10% as much energy as producing new plastic or smelting(提炼)aluminum.
Long before most of us even noticed what we now call "the environment," Buckminster Fuller said, "Pollution is nothing but the resources(资源)we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left around because we've been ignorant of their value." To take one example, let's compare the throwaway economy(经济)with a recycling economy as we feed a cat for life.
Say your cat weigh 5kg and eats one can of food each day. Each empty can of its food weights 40g. In a throwaway economy, you would throw away 5,475 cans over the cat's 15-year lifetime. That's 219kg of steel-more than a fifth of a ton and more than 40 times the cat's weight.
In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with recycled cans. Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing, we'd have to make an extra 10 cans each year. But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cat's lifetime-and we'll still have 100 left over for the next cat.
Instead of using up 219kg of steel, we've used only 6kg. And because the process of recycling steel is less polluting than making new steel, we've also achieved the following significant savings: in energy use-47% to 74%; in air pollution-85%; in water pollution-35%; in water use-40%.
28. What does Buckminster Fuller say about pollution?
A. It is becoming more serious.
B. It destroys the environment.
C. It benefits the economy.
D. It is the resources yet to be used.
29. How many cans will be used up in a cat's 15-year lifetime in a recycling economy?
A. 50 B. 100 C. 150 D. 250
30. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To promote the idea of recycling.
B. To introduce an environmentalist.
C. To discuss the causes of pollution.
D. To defend the throwaway economy.
答案解析：
28. D 根据第二段，Buckminster Fuller说：“污染只不过是我们尚未利用的资源。我们让它们散落在周围，因为我们忽视了它们的价值。”这表明他认为污染实际上是未被使用的资源。
29. C 根据第四段，作者计算了在回收经济中，猫的15年寿命期间总共会使用150个罐头。文中提到，除了最初的100个罐头，每年还需要额外制造10个罐头来替换损耗，15年就是150个罐头。
30. A 文章通过比较丢弃经济和回收经济中猫粮罐头的使用情况，展示了回收可以节省大量资源并减少污染。作者的目的显然是推广回收利用的理念，鼓励读者采取回收行动。
2016年全国卷1
第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共4小题：每小题8分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams(1860﹣1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson(1907﹣1964)
If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O'Connor(1930﹣present)
When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford law School，in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and，in 1981，the first woman to join the U.S.Supreme Court.O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks(1913﹣2005)
On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil﹣rights movement."The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，"said Parks.
21.What is jane Addams noted for in history? A
A.Her social work.
B.Her teaching skills.
C.Her efforts to win a prize.
D.Her community background.
22.What is the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm? C
A.Her lack of proper training in law.
B.Her little work experience in court.
C.The discrimination against women.
D.The poor financial conditions.
23.Who made a great contribution to the civil﹣rights movement in the US? D
A.Jane Addams.B.Rachel Carson.C.Sandra Day O'Connor. D.Rosa Parks
24.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? C
A.They are highly educated.
B.They are truly creative.
C.They are pioneers.
D.They are peace﹣lovers.
答案解析：
21. A 根据第一段关于Jane Addams的描述，她因帮助穷人和促进和平而闻名，通过建立避难所和推动教育及服务来增强社区意识。因此，她在历史上以她的社会工作而闻名。
22. C 根据第三段关于Sandra Day O'Connor的描述，她毕业后因为是一名女性而找不到律师工作。这表明她被律师事务所拒绝的原因是对女性的歧视。
23. D 根据第四段关于Rosa Parks的描述，她因在公交车上拒绝给白人乘客让座而被捕，这一行为引发了蒙哥马利公交抵制运动，从而开启了民权运动。因此，Rosa Parks对美国民权运动做出了巨大贡献。
24. C 根据文章中提到的每位女性的成就，她们都在各自的领域里取得了开创性的成就。Jane Addams在社会工作上，Rachel Carson在环境保护上，Sandra Day O'Connor在司法领域，Rosa Parks在民权运动上。因此，我们可以推断这些女性都是先驱者。其他选项虽然可能部分适用于某些女性，但不是所有女性共同的特点。
B
Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third﹣generation native of Brownsville，Texas，Mildred Garza never pleased move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children，she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move to a success，giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even president Obama's mother﹣in﹣law，Marian Robinson，has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.According to a study grandparents com.83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson's decision will influence the grandparents in the American family.Two﹣thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family.
"In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，"says Christine Crosby，publisher of Grate magazine for grandparents."We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them，especially when you're raining children."
Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices，but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard，especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life you know may be harder.
25.Why was Garza's move a success? A
A.It strengthened her family ties.
B.It improved her living conditions.
C.It enabled her to make more friends.
D.It helped her know more new places.
26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson's decision? D
A.17% expressed their support for it.
B.Few people responded sympathetically.
C.83% believed it had a bad influence.
D.The majority thought it was a trend.
27.What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? C
A.They were unsure of themselves.
B.They were eager to raise more children.
C.They wanted to live away from their parents.
D.They bad little respect for their grandparent.
28.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph? A
A.Make decisions in the best interests'of their own
B.Ask their children to pay more visits to them
C.Sacrifice for their struggling children
D.Get to know themselves better.
答案解析：
25. A 根据第一段中的描述，Garza搬到San Antonio后，三代人的关系比他们在不同城市时要亲密，这表明她的搬家加强了家庭的联系。
26. D 根据第二段中的描述，一项研究表明，83%的人认为Marian Robinson的决定会影响美国家庭中的祖父母，并且三分之二的人认为更多的家庭会效仿奥巴马家庭的例子。这表明大多数人认为这是一个趋势。
27. C 根据第三段中Christine Crosby的话，20世纪60年代的人们有点狂野，想要尽可能地远离家乡，以证明自己能够独立。这表明那时的人们想要远离他们的父母。
28. A 在最后一段，作者建议祖父母在做出搬家的决定时，应该考虑到自己的最佳利益。作者提到，几乎每个祖父母都愿意为了与孙子女在一起而做出牺牲，但有时候明智的选择是说“不”，而是经常去拜访。这表明作者建议祖父母应该根据自己的最佳利益来做决定。
C
I am peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012，I've done 89 trips of those，51 have been abroad，I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last，in all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，we've got 72 hours at most，So I am always conscious of time.
I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence，Rhode Island，and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check﹣in desk at Providence，the lady on the desk said："Well，I'm really sorry，I've got some bad news for you﹣there are no fights from Washington."So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said："In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient﹣please，please，you've got to get me back to the United Kingdom."She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plance to be held for me.re﹣routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.
For this courier job，you're consciously aware than that box you're got something that is potentially going to save somebody's life.
29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word"courier"in paragraph 1? B
A provider
B delivery man
C collector
D medical doctor
30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours? D
A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.
B.The donor can only wait for that long.
C.The operation needs that much time.
D.The ice won't last any longer.
31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? B
A.To London B.To Newark
C.To Providence D.To Washington.
答案解析：
29. B 根据第一段中的描述，Peter Hodes 是一个志愿干细胞快递员，他负责将干细胞从一个地方运送到另一个地方。因此，"courier" 在这里的意思是“快递员”，与 "delivery man" 同义。
30. D 根据第一段中的描述，Peter Hodes 的小盒子里有两块冰块，这些冰块能维持42小时。这是干细胞保持活性的关键，因此他必须在42小时内完成旅程，因为冰块不会持续更长时间。
31. B 根据第二段中的描述，当Peter Hodes在罗德岛普罗维登斯的柜台办理登机手续时，柜台女士告诉他华盛顿没有航班，并为他安排了通过纽瓦克的小型飞机航班。因此，她首先把他安排在了飞往纽瓦克的航班上。
D
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.
Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care﹣geivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be expericencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
32.What does the author say about silence in conversations? C
A.It implies anger.
B.It promotes friendship.
C.It is culture﹣specific.
D.It is content﹣based.
33.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A
A.The Chinese.
B.The French.
C.The Mexicans.
D.The Russians.
34.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? D
A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B.Break it while treating patients.
C.Evaluate its harm to patients.
D.Make use of its healing effects.
35.What may be the best title for the text? B
A.Sound and Silence
B.What It Means to Be Silent
C.Silence to native Americans
D.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is Gold.
答案解析：
32. C 根据第一段和第二段的描述，沉默的含义在不同的文化群体中是不同的。例如，一些文化群体认为沉默是深思的，而另一些则可能认为沉默是尴尬的。因此，作者认为沉默在对话中的含义是文化特定的。
33. A 根据第二段的描述，许多美洲原住民以及一些传统中国和泰国人重视沉默，并认为它是交流的基本部分。当这些文化中的人说话突然停止时，他们可能是在暗示听众反思之前所说的内容。因此，可能会把沉默视为仔细思考的呼吁的是中国人。
34. D 根据最后一段，作者建议护士和其他护理人员应该意识到沉默的可能含义，并且应该认识到自己个人和文化对沉默的建构，以便不会过早地打断病人的沉默，或者不必要地让沉默持续。一个理解沉默治愈价值的护士可以利用这种理解来帮助照顾来自自己和其他文化的病人。因此，作者建议护士利用沉默的治愈效果。
35. B 整篇文章讨论了沉默在不同文化中的含义和作用，以及护士应该如何理解和使用沉默。因此，最好的标题应该是 "What It Means to Be Silent"，因为它概括了文章的主要内容。其他选项要么太窄，要么太宽，没有准确地反映文章的中心主题。
2016年全国卷2
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
What’s On?
Electric Underground
7.30pm-1.00am Free at the Cyclops Theatre
DO you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an exciting evening of live rock
and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming
a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? if so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by JuJes Skye, a successful record producer. He's going to talk about how you canfind the right person to produce your nusic.
Gee Whizz
8.30pm-10.3Opm comedy at Kaleidoscope
Come and see Gee Whizz perform. He's the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. his joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).
Simon’s Workshop
5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage
This is a Rood chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years experience of reaching comedy.His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the conndence to be funny.
Charlotte Stone
8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza World
Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食).Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.
21. Who can help you if you want to your music produced?
A. Jules Skye.B. Gee Whizz
C. Charlotte Stone.D. James Pickering.
22. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?
A. The Cyclops Theatre.B. Kaleidoscope.
C. Victoria Stage.D. Pizza World.
23. What do we know about Simon's Workshop?
A. It requires membership.B. It lasts three hours each time.
C. It is run by a comedy club.D. It is held every Wednesday.
24.When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?
A.5.00pm-7.30pm B.7.30pm-1.00am
C.8.00pm-11.00pm D.8.30pm-10.30pm
答案解析：
21. A 根据Electric Underground部分的信息，Jules Skye是一位成功的唱片制作人，他将讨论如何找到合适的人来制作你的音乐。因此，如果你想制作音乐，Jules Skye可以提供帮助。
22. B 根据Gee Whizz部分的信息，Gee Whizz是最有趣的单口喜剧演员，他的表演会取悦各个年龄段的人。这个活动在Kaleidoscope举行，所以这里是不同年龄段的人可以享受笑声的地方。
23. D 根据Simon's Workshop部分的信息，这个工作坊是每周三举行的，所以答案是D。虽然工作坊持续3个小时，但问题问的是关于Simon's Workshop的信息，而B选项并不是独有的信息，因为其他活动也可能持续3个小时。
24. C 根据Charlotte Stone部分的信息，她的表演时间是下午8点到11点，所以答案是C。
B
Five years ago,when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:“Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week”
A few students hesitated to start ,They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginatings.
Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside, the ask of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,’“But I’m just not creative.”
“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”
“Oh,sure.”
“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildly imagimative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That’s pretty creative.Who does that for you?”
“Nobody.I do it.”
“Really—at night,when you’re asleep?”
“Sure.”
“Try doing it in the daytime ,in class,okay?”
25.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to .
A. know more about the students
B. make the lessons more exciting
C. raise the students’ interest in art
D. teach the students about toy design
26. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph3?
A. He liked to help his teacher.
B. He preferred to study alone.
C. He was active in class.
D.He was imaginative.
27. What does the underlined word"downside”in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burdrn
28. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?
A. To help them to see their creativity.
B. To find out about their sleeping habits.
C.To help them to improve their memory.
D. To find outAbout their ways of thinking.
答案解析：
25. A 根据第一段中的"I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students."可知，老师使用Tinkertoys是为了了解学生，所以选A。
26. D 根据第三段中的"His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home."和"Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work."可知，这个男孩非常有想象力，所以选D。
27. B 根据第四段中的"Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside, the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking."可知，downside在这里指的是鼓励这种思考方式的缺点或不利方面，即可能会失去那些有不同思考方式的学生，所以选B。
28. A 根据最后一段中的对话，老师通过让学生讲述他们的梦境，来说明他们是有创造力的，以此来鼓励他们在白天课堂上也展现出这种创造力，所以选A。
C
Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and them need to disscus them.Now,the website BookCrossing,com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book groups.
Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves place, hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.
Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, "The two山logs that
change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both"
Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.
Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then can to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.
BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the "real" and not
the virtual(虚拟).The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred
thirty-five countries.
29. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?
A.To explain what they are.
B. To introduce BookCrossing.
C. To stress the importance of reading.
D.To encouraac readers to share their kleas.
30. What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The book. B. An adventure. C.A public place. D. The identification number.
31.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?
A. Meet other readers to discuss it.
B.keep it safe in his bookcase.
C.Pass it on to another reader.
D. Mail it back to its owner.
32. What is the best title for the text?
A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour.
B. Electronic Books: A New Trend.
C.A book Group Brings tradition Baok.
D.A Website Links People throught Books.
答案解析：
29. B 第一段提到book groups是为了引出BookCrossing这个网站，为下文的介绍做铺垫，所以选B。
30. A 第二段中的"it"指的是前文提到的"the book"，即贴上了识别号码的书，所以选A。
31. C 根据第三段中的Bruce Pederson的话可知，BookCrossing的理念是让人们不要自私地让书在家里积灰，而是将书传递给下一个读者，所以选C。
32. D 整篇文章讲述了BookCrossing网站如何通过书籍将人们联系在一起，所以D选项最能概括文章的主旨，是最佳标题。A、B选项与文章内容不符，C选项虽然提到了book group，但并不是文章的中心内容。
D
A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding - undoubtedly first-rate photo-joumalism if they had been made last week.In fact,they were shot from 1914 through 1916,most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survial. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.
The ship was the Endurance,a small,tight,Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Emest Shackleton and a smakk crew of seamen and scientists,27 men in all,to the southernmost shore of antarctica's Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.
As writer Caroline Alexander makes clearin her forceful and well-researched story
The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott's last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world's imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the Soum Foie in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. frank Hurley,a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.
33. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?
A.They were made last week.
B. They showed undersea sceneries.
C. They were found by a cameraman.
D. They recorded a disastrous adventure.
34. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?
A. frank Hurley. B.Erenst Shackleton
C. Robert Falcon Scott. D. Caroline Alexander.
35.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?
A Artistic creation
B scientific research
C Money making
D Treasure hunting
答案解析：
33. D 根据第二段中的描述，Hurley的照片是在1914年至1916年间拍摄的，大多数是在一次灾难性的船难之后，这些照片记录了那次探险的经历。因此，选项D正确，这些照片记录了一次灾难性的冒险。
34. C 根据第四段中的描述，Captain Robert Falcon Scott在1912年初到达了南极点，但他在返回途中与他的四名同伴一起去世。因此，选项C正确，Robert Falcon Scott是第一个到达南极点的人。
35. C 根据最后一段中的描述，Shackleton在1914年的航行之前开始了一项业务，目的是通过电影和静态摄影赚钱。这表明Alexander认为这次航行的目的是为了赚钱。因此，选项C正确。
2016年全国卷3
第I卷第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共4小题;每小题8分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Opera at Music Hall：1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone：241–2742. http://www.cityopera.com.
Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723–1182 for more information.
Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381–3300. regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend. http://www.symphony.org/home.asp.
College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校园) of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known Lasalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556–4183. http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.
Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference). Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232–6220.
1. Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?
A. 241–2742. B. 723–1182.
C. 381–3300. D. 232–6220.
2. When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?
A.February. B. May.
C. August. D. November.
3. Where can student go for free performances with their I.D. cards?
A. Music Hall.
B. Memorial Hall.
C. Patricia Cobbett Theater.
D. Riverbend Music Theater.
4. How is Riverbend Music theater different from the other places?
A. It has seats in the open air.
B. It gives shows all year round.
C. It offers membership discounts.
D. It presents famous musical works.
答案解析：
1. A 根据Opera at Music Hall部分的信息，电话号码是241–2742。
2. B 根据Chamber Orchestra部分的信息，音乐会从三月持续到六月，所以五月是可以去听音乐会的时间。
3. C 根据College Conservatory of Music (CCM)部分的信息，学生可以凭学生证在Patricia Cobbett Theater免费观看演出。
4. A 根据Riverbend Music Theater部分的信息，这是一个大型户外剧院，最近的座位是在遮盖下，说明它有露天的座位。
B
If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what's around. It's called Apple Day but in practice it's more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste，a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn't taste of anything special，it's still worth a try，as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat's Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple?themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit collection at Brogdale，near Faversham in Kent.
1.What can people do at the apple events?
A. attend experts' lectures.
B. Visit fruit?loving families.
C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard.
D. Taste many kinds of apples.
2.What can we learn about Decio?
A. It is a new variety.
B. It has a strange look.
C. It is rarely seen now.
D. It has a special taste.
3.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. A practical idea.
B. A vain hope.
C. A brilliant plan.
D. A selfish desire.
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To show how to grow apples.
B. To introduce an apple festival.
C. To help people select apples.
D. To promote apple research.
答案解析：
1. D 根据第二段第一句"Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples."，可以得知在苹果活动中，人们可以品尝许多种类的苹果。
2. C 根据第二段第三句"it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans."，可以推断出Decio是一种古典的苹果品种，现在很少见。
3. B 根据第三段的内容，Orleans Reinette是一种非常优质的苹果品种，但是需要温暖、庇护良好的地方和完美的土壤来种植，这对于大多数喜欢它的苹果爱好者来说是一种奢望。因此，"a pipe dream"在这里意味着一个空洞的希望。
4. B 整篇文章都在介绍Apple Day这个活动，包括活动的日期、地点、可以做的事情等，因此作者的目的在于介绍这个苹果节。
C
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the university of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
1.What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?
A. News reports. B. research papers.
C.Private e-mails. D. Daily conversations.
2.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?
A. They’re socially inactive.
B. They’re good at telling stories.
C. They’re inconsiderate of others.
D. They’re careful with their words.
3.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?
A . Sports new. B. science articles.
C. personal accounts. D. financial reviews.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide
B .Online News Attracts More People
C. Reading Habits Change with the Times
D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks
答案解析：
1. A 根据第一段提到的"classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers"可以推断，这些经典规则适用于新闻报告。
2. C 根据第二段提到的"When you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer."可以推断，Debbie Downer类型的人不太考虑他人的感受，因为他们分享的故事可能会让其他人感到不舒服。
3. B 根据第三段提到的"One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles."可以得知，根据Berger博士的研究，科学文章最有可能被电子邮件分享。
4. D 整篇文章讨论的是好消息在社交媒体上比坏消息传播得更快更远的现象，因此"D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks"是一个合适的标题。
D
On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.
“Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.”
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.
“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.
“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.
“I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to.”
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.
1.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?
A. Two strangers joined her.
B. Her childhood friends came in.
C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.
D. Some people held a party there.
2.The underlined word “them” in paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s.
A. readers B. parties
C. friends D. stories
3.What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?
A. They live in big cities.
B. They are mostly women.
C. They come from real life.
D. They are pleasure seekers.
答案解析：
1. A 根据第二段描述，一个陌生人Approaching their table并最终加入了Welty的聚会，随后她的晚餐伙伴也加入了。因此，两个陌生人加入了Welty和她朋友的晚餐。
2. D 根据第六段中的“These are the people that make me write them.”可以推断，这里的“them”指的是Welty写的故事。她的意思是这些人给了她灵感，让她写出那些故事。
3. C 根据最后两段，Welty说她的人物不是虚构的，她不需要编造他们。她的人物来自于与老朋友的交谈、在她家乡杰克逊的街道上散步以及公共汽车上听到的对话。这些都表明她的人物来自于现实生活。
2016年6月浙江卷
第二部分：阅读理解(第一节20小题，第二节5小题;每小题2分，满分50分)
第一节：阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
A
“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?”Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining, Tori brags，“You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about?It just happened to be yours truly, Adam Freedman, I can tell you that what that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话)。I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor(传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.”In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).
Gossip also can have a third effect:it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
41.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to .
A. introduce a topic
B. present an argument
C. describe the characters
D. clarify his writing purpose
42.An important negative effects of gossip is that it .
A. breaks up relationships
B. embarrasses the listener
C. spreads information around
D. causes unpleasant experiences
43.In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it .
A.gives them a feeling of pleasure
B.helpl them to make more friends
C.makes them better at telling stories
D.enables them to meet important people
44.Professor David Wilson think that gossip can .
A.provide students with written rules
B.help people watch their own behaviors
C.force school to improve student handbooks
D.attract the police’s attention to group behaviors
45.What advice does the author give in the passage?
A.Never become a gossiper
B.Stay away from gossipers
C.Don’t let gossip turn into lies
D.Think twice before you gossip.
答案解析：
41. A 文章开头Lindsey和Tori的对话是关于Adam的流言蜚语，这直接引出了文章的主题——八卦。作者通过这段对话自然地引入了将要讨论的话题：八卦及其影响。因此，选项A“引入一个话题”最符合题意。
42. D 根据第二段“Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic...that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.” 可知，八卦通常传播人们想要保密的信息，越是令人尴尬或羞耻的秘密，越能成为八卦的素材。最糟糕的八卦是彻头彻尾的谎言。人们通常认为传播八卦的人无害，但残酷的谎言会给人带来痛苦。因此，八卦的负面影响在于它会造成不愉快的体验。选项D“导致不愉快的体验”最符合题意。
43. A 据第三段“If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor...can make a person feel important...hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.” 可知，尽管知道八卦可能有害，但人们仍然喜欢八卦，因为它能带来满足感。分享最新的传言可以让人感到重要，听到最新的传言可以让人感到自己是“圈内人”。因此，人们喜欢八卦是因为它能带来愉悦感。选项A“给他们带来愉悦感”最符合题意。
44. B 据第四段“Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.” 可知，教授David Wilson认为八卦在规范群体行为方面很重要。用高中术语来说，就是如果你周围的人都嘲笑John的穿着或Jane的言论，那么你可以肯定，穿着或说出类似的东西会让你受到同样的负面关注。因此，八卦可以帮助人们注意自己的行为。选项B“帮助人们注意自己的行为”最符合题意。
45. D 根据最后一段“The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.” 可知，作者建议在传播最新消息之前，要思考自己为什么要八卦，以及你的“劲爆故事”可能会产生什么影响。因此，作者的建议是在八卦之前三思。选项D“在八卦之前三思”最符合题意。
2016年6月浙江卷
B
Below are search record from a university library’s database
Quick search l Category l Full Text l Advanced
Search full text books for children
Displaying 1 to 100 of 639 titles for children where Category is Education
Build it ,Make it ,Play it ! Guides for Children and Teens Bomhold Catharine ;Elder Terri,2004 l ABC-CLIO Series: Children’s and Young Adult literature Reference
For busy librarians and educators ,finding instructions for projects ,activities ,sports ,and games that children and teens will find interesting is a constant challenge, This guide is a time-saving,one-stop…. |
Circle Time for Young Children Mosley Jenny,2014 l Taylor and Francis Series: essential Guides for Early Years Practitioners
Jenny Mosley’s quality circle time model involves setting up an on-going, timetable process Of circle-meeting for adults and children ,As a basis for teaching relationship skills, building up self-esteem….. |
Connecting Animals and children in Early Childhood Selly Patty Born,2014 l Redleaf Press
Understand the value of connecting animals and children .From familys pets and wild animals to toys ,stuffed animal ,and media images ,animals are a central part of every child’s world .This book examines…. Read this book l View details l Add to Collection |
Education and Disadvantaged Children and Young People Matsumoto Mitsuko; Brool Colin,2013 l Bloomsbury Publishiing Series: Education as a Humanitarian Response
Do street children go ti school ,and if not ,why not? What kind of education can be ‘meaningful’ to young people affected by conflict? The contributors explore groups of children and young people who have…. Read this book l View details l Add to Collection |
Available
Children with School problme:A Physkian’s Manual
The children paediatric Society; Andrews Debra;Mahoney WilliamJ,2012 I wiley Available The physician’s guide to diagnosing and treating learning disabilities in children.1 to 10 Canadians have a learning disability,and doctors must be able to idcntify,diagnose,trear,and manage children… Read this book I view details I Add to Collection |
Songs in Their Heads:Music and Its Meaning In Children’s Lives Campbell Patricia Shehan,1989 I Oxford university Press Available This book explores the intrest and needs of children in their expressed thounts and actual “musicking”behaviours, This text examines the songs they sing,the ryhthms… Read this book I view details I Add to Collection |
Young Children as Artists:Art and design in the Earty Years and Kay Stage 1 Tutchell Suzy 2014 I Taylor Francis Available From the monment a child is bom,they intctract with the world,looking at colours,feeding texrures;constructing mental and physical images of what they see and experience.Within all early years… Read this book I view details I Add to Collection |
Big Ideas for Littles Kids:TEAching Philosophy through Children’s Liferature Wartnberg Thomas E.2014 I Rowman&Littlefield Publishers Available Big Ideas for Little Kids includes everything a teacher,or a college student needs to teach philosophy to elementary school children from picture books.Written in a clear and accessible style… Read this book I view details I Add to Collection |
46.Suppose you are doing research on children’s relationship skills,you may want to read.
A.Circle Time for Young Children
B. Children with School Problems:A Phsysician’s Manual
C.Education and Disaddvantaged Children and Young People
D.Build It,Make It,Do It,Play It!Guides for Children and Teens
47.Which book would you recommend to someone interesten inchildren’s mental imanges?
A.Connecting Animals and Children in Early Childhood.
B.Songs in Their Heads:Music and Its Meaning in children’sLives.
C.Big Ideas for Little Kids: Teaching Philosophy through children’s Literature.
D.Young Children as Artists:Art and design in the Early Years and Key Stage 1.
48.How many books published in 2015 are found in this search?
A. 9. B.90. C.118. D.290.
49.Children with School Problems:A Phsysician’s Manua lis most likely intended for.
A. educators B. librarians C. doctors D.artists
答案解析：
46. A 在文章中有句话“Jenny Mosley’s quality circle time model involves setting up an on-going，timetable process of circle-meeting for adults and children，as a basis for teaching relationship skills”，意思是JennyMosley的优质圆圈时间模式包括为成人和儿童建立一个持续的、有时间表的圆圈会议过程，作为教授人际关系技能的基础。因此，如果你正在研究儿童的人际关系技能，你可能会想读《CircleTime for Young Children》这本书，选项A为正确答案。
47. D 在文章中提到，“From the moment a child is born，they interact with the world，looking at colours，feeling textures，constructing mental and physical images of what they see an experience.”，意思是从孩子出生的那一刻起，他们就开始与世界互动，观察颜色，感受质地，构建他们所看到和经历的事物的心理和身体图像。因此，对于对儿童心理图像感兴趣的人，推荐阅读《Young Children as Artists: Art and design in the Early Years and Key Stage 1》这本书，选项D为正确答案。
48. B 搜索结果中显示：2015(90)，可见，2015年出版的书有90本，选B。
49. C 在文中提到，“The physician’s guide to diagnosing and treating learning disabilities in children…”，意思是这本书是医生诊断和治疗儿童学习障碍的指南。因此，可以推断出这本书的目标读者是医生，选项C为正确答案。
C
A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.After all,the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is,well, just playing…right?Perhaps,but some developmental psychologists()have argued that this“play”is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.
Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table.Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge,it
falls to the ground---and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact ; bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world ), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).
Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way---that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child , Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws on how children learn ,but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort ---the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world---is simply something that comes from our babyhood. perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, ”It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”
50. according to some developmental psychologists,
A. a baby’s play is nothing more than a game.
B. scientific research into babies; games is possible
C. the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated
D. a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment
51.We learn from paragraph 2 that
A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently
B. scientists and babies often interact with each other
C. babies are born with the knowledge of object support
D. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do
52. Children may learn the rules of language by
A. exploring the physical world B. investigating human psychology
C. repeating their own experiments D. observing their parents’ behaviors
53. What is themain idea of the last paragraph?
A. The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.
B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.
C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.
D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.
54. What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play?
A. Convincing. B. Confused. C. Confidence. D. Cautious.
答案解析：
50. D 一些发展心理学家认为，婴儿的玩耍在某种程度上类似于科学家的实验。在文章第一段中提到，婴儿的玩耍更像是一种科学调查，而不是一般人认为的游戏。因此，答案为D。
51. D 第二段提到，婴儿可能通过反复实验和对物体支撑的理解来形成对物体如何相互作用的了解，这与科学家收集直接证据的方法相似。因此，我们可以得出结论，婴儿似乎像科学家一样收集证据，选项D正确。
52. C 在第三段中提到，幼儿通过反复实验、收集证据并最终推翻理论来学习语言规则，因此选项C“重复他们自己的实验”是正确的。
53. B 最后一段提到，将儿童发展视为科学调查不仅揭示了儿童的学习方式，而且为科学和科学家提供了鼓舞人心的视角。因此，研究婴儿的游戏可能会更好地理解科学。因此，本段的主要思想是B，即研究婴儿的游戏可以更好地理解科学。
54. D 作者在文章中使用了“appear to”和“may”等词汇来弱化绝对性的表达，还引用了其他人的观点，可见作者的语气是很谨慎的，D选项符合题意。
D
Two things changed my life: my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and it’s true. I would be a different person if my mom hadn’t turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.
My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I honestly don’t know how she did it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task., but she made it look effortless. If we complained about not having what another kid did, we’d hear something like, “I don’t care what so –and –so got for his birthday, you are not getting a TV in your room a car for your birthday a lavish sweet 16 party.” We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house. I can stil l remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table.My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house .Like the two little girls growing up at the White House,we made our own beds (no one left the house unitil that was done)and picked up after ourselves.We had to keep track of our belongings ,and if something was lost ,it was not replaced.
It was summer and ,one day ,my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed---and there it was in the window, White, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers ,the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.
“It’s beautiful,” my mother said when I pointed it out to her,”What a neat basket.”
I tried to hold off at first ,I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I couldn’t stand it any longer:“Mon, please can I please ,please get it? I ‘ll do extra chores for as long as you say, I’ll do anything ,but I need that basket,I love that basket.Please ,Mom .Please?”
I was desperate.
“You know,” she said ,gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believes was the coolest thing ever,”If you save up you could buy this yourself.”
“By the time I make enough it’ll bu gone!”
“Maybe Roger here could hold it for you,” she smiled at Roger ,the bike guy.
“He can’t hold it for that long ,Mom .Someone else will buy it .Please,Mom,Please?”
“There might be another way,”she said.
And so our paying plan unfolded.My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I could’t find.Each week I eagerly counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there (washing the car ,helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front).And then ,weeks later ,I counted ,re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh ,happy day ! I made it! I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon….
Days later the unthinkable happened. A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixted to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles. I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this disaster.This horrible turn of events.
And then came the lesson . I’ve taken with me through my life:”Honey, Your basket is extra-special,” Mom said, gently wiping away my hot tears.”Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.”
55.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. The children enjoyed doing housework.
B.The author came from s well-off family
C. The mother raised her children in an unusual way
D.The children were fond of the US president’s daughters.
56.When the author saw the basket in the window,she .
A. fell in love with it B. stared at her mother
C. recognized it at once D.went up to the bike guy
57.Why did the author say many “please” to her mother?
A. She longed to do extra work. B. She was eager to have the basket.
C.She felt tired after standing too long. D.She wanted to be polite to her mother.
58.By using“naked” (Paragraph 12),the author seems to stress that the basket was
A..something she could afford B.something important to her
C.something impossible to get D.something she could do without
59.To the author, it seemed to be a horrible turn of events that
A. something spoiled her paying plan
B. the basket cost more than she had saved
C.a neighborhood girl had bought a new bike
D.someone else had got a basket of the same kind
60.What is the life lesson the author learned from her mother?
A. Save money for a rainy day B. Good advice is beyond all price.
C. Earn your bread with your sweat D. God helps those who help themselves
答案解析：
答案解析：
55. C根据原文“My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out.”以及后文提到母亲教育孩子的方式，如通过做家务赚零用钱、东西丢失不替换等，可知母亲用一种不同寻常的方式抚养孩子，所以选C。
55. A根据原文“the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.”可知作者看到橱窗里的篮子时就爱上了它，所以选A。
57. B根据原文作者多次说“please”以及“but I need that basket, I love that basket.”可知作者非常渴望得到那个篮子，所以选B。
58. B根据原文“washing the car, helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front”可知作者觉得没有篮子，自行车看起来光秃秃的，说明篮子对她很重要，所以选B。
59. D根据原文“A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixted to her shiny, new bike”以及“This horrible turn of events.”可知让作者觉得可怕的事情是邻居女孩有一个一模一样的篮子，所以选D。
60. C根据原文母亲说的“Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.”以及前文作者通过做家务赚零用钱买篮子可知，作者从母亲那里学到的生活教训是要用自己的汗水去赚取想要的东西，所以选C。
2016年10月浙江卷
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10个小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Suddenly another thought went through Kate’s mind like an electric shock. An express train was due to go past about thirty minutes later. If it were not stopped, that long train, full of passengers, would fall into the stream. “Someone must go to the station and warn the station-master，” Kate thought. But who was to go? She would have to go herself. There was no one else.
In wind and rain she started on her difficult way. Soon she was at the bridge that crossed the Des Moines River, a bridge also built of wood, just like the bridge across honey Creek. The storm had not washed this away, but there was no footpath across it She would have to cross it by stepping from sleeper (枕木)to sleeper. With great care she began the dangerous crossing, sometimes on her hands and knees, hardly daring to look down between the sleepers into the wild flood waters below. If she should slip, she would fall between the sleepers, into the rapidly flowing stream.
At last she never knew how long it had taken her - she felt solid ground under her feet. But there was no time to rest. She still had to run more than half a mile and had only a few minutes left. Unless she reached the station before the express did, many, many lives would be lost.
She did reach the station just as the train came into sight. Fortunately the station-master was standing outside. “The bridge is down! Stop the train! Oh, please stop it!” Kate shouted breathlessly.
The station-master went pale. He rushed into the station building and came back with a signal light. He waved the red light as the train came into the station. It was not a second too early.
21. What did Kate decide to do?
A. Stop the express train. B. check the signal light.
C. Meet the passengers. D. Visit the station-master
22. Which of the following words best describes Kate’s journey?
A. Fruitless. B. Boring. C. Well-planned. D. Risky.
23. Why did the station-master turn pale?
A. He suddenly fell ill. B. He realized the danger.
C- He discovered his mistake. D. He became over-excited.
答案解析：
21. A 从文章第一段可以看出，Kate意识到如果不在三十分钟后阻止那列满载乘客的快车，它将会坠入河流。因此，她决定亲自去车站警告站长，以阻止火车。选项A正确描述了她的决定。
22. D 文章描述了Kate在风雨中艰难行进，尤其是在没有步行道的木桥上，她不得不小心翼翼地踩着枕木过桥，有时甚至用手和膝盖爬行，不敢往下看汹涌的洪水。这表明她的旅程非常危险。因此，选项D "Risky"(危险的)最符合描述。
23. B 当Kate气喘吁吁地告诉站长桥塌了，需要停止火车时，站长脸色变得苍白。这表明他意识到了即将到来的危险，并立即采取了行动。选项B正确解释了站长变色的原因。 总结： 这三个问题都基于对文章细节的理解。通过仔细阅读和分析，我们可以找到支持每个答案的证据。
B
The Crowne Plaza Hotel in Copenhagen is offering a free meal to any guest who is able to produce electricity for the hotel on an exercise bike linked to a generator (发电机)，The idea is to get people fit and reduce their carbon footprint. Guests will have to produce at least 10 watt hours of electricity - roughly 15 minutes of cycling for someone of average fitness. Guests staying at Plaza Hotel will be given meat tickets worth $36 once they have produced 10 watt hours of electricity. The bicycles will have smart phones attached to the handlebars measuring how much power is being generated for the hotel.
The plan, a world-first, will start on 19 April and run for a year. Only guests staying at the hotel will be able to take part. Frederikke Toemmergaard, hotel spokeswoman, said, “Many of our visitors are business people who enjoy going to the gym. There might be people who will cycle just to get a free meal, but generally I don’t think people will take advantage of our programme,”
Copenhagen has a long-standing cycling tradition and 36% of locals cycle to work each day, one of the highest percentages in the world, according to the website visitcopenhagen.dk. US environmental website treehugger.com recently voted Copenhagen the world’s best city for cyclists. “Because Copenhagen is strongly connected with cycling，we felt the bicycle would work well as a symbol of the hotel’s green profile (形象)."
If successful, the electric bicycle meal programme will be spread to all Crowne Plaza hotels in the UK, the hotel said in a statement.
24. What is the main purpose of the free meal programme?
A. To promote the hotel's green concept.
B. To make the city known to the world.
C. To attract people to the hotel restaurant.
D. To get guests to stay longer at the hotel.
25. How can a participant get a free meal?
A. By becoming a professional cyclist. B. By cycling to produce some electricity.
C. By linking a smart phone to a bicycle. D. By monitoring his or her carbon footprint.
26. Who are most likely to enter for the programme?
A. The poor local people.
B. The environment activists.
C. Health-conscious hotel guests.
D. Visitors fond of Copenhagen food.
27. according to paragraph 3, Copenhagen has one of the world's ______.
A. best chain hotels B. greenest natural environments
C. longest bike paths D. highest rates of people cycling to work
答案解析：
24. A 文章第一段提到，哥本哈根的Crowne Plaza酒店提供免费餐食给能够通过连接到发电机的运动自行车为酒店发电的客人。第二段最后一句提到“...we felt the bicycle would work well as a symbol of the hotel’s green profile (形象).” 这表明酒店推出这个计划的主要目的是为了推广其绿色环保的理念。因此，选项A正确。
25. B 文章第一段明确指出，客人需要通过骑自行车产生至少10瓦时的电力才能获得免费餐食券。因此，选项B是获得免费餐食的正确方式。
26. C 文章第二段提到，酒店的发言人表示“Many of our visitors are business people who enjoy going to the gym.” 这表明酒店的客人很多是注重健康的商务人士，他们喜欢健身。因此，最有可能参加这个计划的是注重健康的酒店客人，选项C正确。
27. D 文章第三段提到，哥本哈根有着悠久的自行车传统，36%的当地居民每天骑自行车上班，根据visitcopenhagen.dk网站的数据，这是世界上最高的比例之一。因此，选项D正确描述了哥本哈根的特点。
C
Digital technology - email and smart phones especially - have vastly improved workers' ability to be productive outside of a traditional office. Even so, most white-collar work still happens in an office. One reason is that, according to findings of a new survey of office workers conducted by Wakefield research for the IT company Citrix, most bosses are doubtful about remote working. Half of the workers say their boss doesn't accept it» and only 35 percent say it’s tolerated.
Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced (加深)by the same survey, which shows that 43 percent of workers say they’ve watched TV or a movie while “working” remotely, while 35 percent have done housework，and 28 percent have cooked dinner.
It is true, however，that working at home makes people much more efficient (高效的)， because it allows workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. It’s much faster, for example, to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the after-work rush.
The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we haven't come as a society from the days when we expected every full-time worker to be supported by a full-time homemaker.
More broadly, the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a low-cost way to give workers something of value. Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who haven’t worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home. Under such circumstances, smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently.
28. Why do some employers hesitate to allow remote working?
A. They fear losing control of their workers.
B. They want to stick to their routine practice.
C. They have little trust in modern technology.
D. They are used to face-to-face communication.
29- What seems to be most workers’ attitude toward remote working?
A. Doubtful. B. Favorable.C. Reserved. D. Disapproving.
30. What does the author suggest smart firms do?
A. Shorten their office hours.
B. Give employees a pay raise.
C. adopt flexible work patterns.
D. reduce their staff’s workload.
答案解析：
28. A 文章第一段提到，根据Wakefield Research的调查，许多老板对远程办公持怀疑态度，50%的受访者表示他们的老板不接受远程办公，只有35%的人表示可以容忍。这表明雇主的主要担忧是担心失去对员工的控制。因此，选项A正确。
29. B 文章最后一段提到，64%的受访者表示愿意放弃部分奖金来换取每周一天在家工作的机会。这表明大多数员工对远程办公持积极态度，选项B正确。
30. C 文章最后一段提到，智能公司需要找到让员工能够高效管理时间的方法，并指出灵活的工作模式可以作为一种低成本的激励方式。因此，作者建议智能公司采用灵活的工作模式，选项C正确。
2016年北京卷
第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，20 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，共 30 分)
阅读下列短文：从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，将正确的选项涂在答题卡上。
A
December 15, 2014
Dear Alfred,
I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.
Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150+ at 17, I’m anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍). anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.
While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn’t. So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.
Since then, I have taken courses like Data science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, I’m learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose.
Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job — Data Analyst — this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.
Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.
This is why you’re saving my life.
Yours,
Tanis
56. Why didn’t Tanis go to college after high school?
A. She had learned enough about computer science
B. She had more difficulty keeping focused
C. She preferred taking online courses
D. She was too slow to learn
57. As for the working environment, Tanis prefers____.
A. working by herself
B. dealing with the public
C. competing against others
D. staying with ADHD students
58. Tanis wrote this letter in order to_____.
A. explain why she was interested in the computer
B. share the ideas she had for her profession
C. show how grateful she was to the center
D. describe the courses she had taken so far
答案解析：
56. B
根据文中提到Tanis患有注意力缺陷多动障碍，且在探索兴趣时病情加重，再结合她高中毕业后想上大学却不能上这一情况，可知她是因为注意力更难集中(病情加重导致)才没去上大学，所以选B。
57. A
根据文中“Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to.”可知Tanis希望找一份不用和公众打交道且能自己单独工作的职业，即她更倾向于自己单独工作，所以选A。
58. C
根据文章开头“I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.”以及结尾“This is why you’re saving my life.”还有中间详细阐述在培训中心学习课程给她带来的积极改变，可知Tanis写这封信是为了表达对培训中心的感激之情，所以选C。
B
Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)
Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.
On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”
Natalie’s choice was to help.
She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.
In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”
59. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found______.
A. some friends had lost their lives
B. her neighborhood was destroyed
C. her school had moved to Brooklyn
D. the elderly were free from suffering
60. according to paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?
A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild
B. The people trapped in high-rise building
C. The volunteers donating money to survivors
D. local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people
61. How did Natalie help the survivors?
A. She gave her toys to the kids
B. She took care of younger children
C. She called on the White House to help
D. She built an information sharing platform
62. What does the story intend to tell us?
A. Little people can make a big difference
B. A friend in need is a friend indeed
C. East or West, home is best
D.Technology is power
答案解析：
59. B
根据“When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知社区成为废墟，即被摧毁了，所以选B。
60. A
根据第四段“In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.”可知是帮助罗卡韦恢复重建的人们激励了Natalie，所以选A。
61. D
根据“She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.”可知Natalie创建网站页面为幸存者和捐赠者搭建桥梁，即建立了信息共享平台，所以选D。
62. A
文章讲述14岁的Natalie在飓风后积极帮助受灾人们并取得成效，表明小人物也能有大作为，所以选A。
C
California Condor’s Shocking Recovery
California condors are North America’s largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.
In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.
Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.
So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.
Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.
Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”
63.California condors attract researchers’ interest because they ______.
A. are active at night
B. had to be bred in the wild
C. are found only in California
D. almost died out in the 1980s
64.Researchers have found electrical lines are ______.
A. blocking condors’ journey home
B. big killers of California condors
C. rest places for condors at night
D. used to keep condors away
65.According to paragraph 5, lead poisoning ______.
A. makes condors too nervous to fly
B. has little effect on condors’ kidneys
C. can hardly be gotten rid of form condors’ blood
D. makes it different for condors to produce baby birds
66.The passage shows that ______.
A. the average survival time of condors is satisfactory
B. Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering
C. the efforts to protect condors have brought good results
D. researchers have found the final answers to the problem
答案解析：
63. D
根据文中“In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out.”可知，在20世纪80年代，电线和铅中毒几乎使加州神鹫灭绝，所以加州神鹫吸引了研究人员的兴趣，是因为它们在20世纪80年代几乎灭绝，所以选D。
64. B
根据文中“Electrical lines have been killing them off.”以及“Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.”可知，电线一直在导致加州神鹫死亡，它们飞翔时翅膀可能会搭在电线上，同时触碰两根电线就会被电死，这说明电线是加州神鹫的大杀手，所以选B。
65. D
根据文中“This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death.”可知，铅中毒会影响加州神鹫的神经系统和繁殖幼鸟的能力，还会导致肾衰竭和死亡，所以铅中毒使得加州神鹫繁殖幼鸟变得困难，所以选D。
66. C
根据文中“Before the training was introduced, 66% of set - freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.”以及“The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.”可知，在采取相关保护措施后，因触电死亡的加州神鹫比例下降，成年神鹫的年死亡率也大幅下降，这说明保护加州神鹫的努力取得了良好的效果，所以选C。
2015年新课标1
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分60分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum
Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21:00.
November 7th
The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.
December 5th
Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew.
February 6th
An Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.
March 6th
Eyots and Aits- Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.
Online bookings:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book
More into:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson
London Canal Museum
12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT
www.canalmuseum.org.ukwww.canalmuseum.mobi
Tel:020 77130836
21. When is the talk on James Brindley?
A. February 6th.
B. March 6th.
C. November 7th.
D. December 5th.
22. What is the topic of the talk in February?
A. The Canal Pioneers.
B. Ice for the Metropolis
C. Eyots and Aits- Thames Islands
D. An Update on the Cotsword Canals
23. Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames.
A. Miranda Vickers
B. Malcolm Tucker
C. Chris Lewis
D. Liz Payne
答案解析：
21. C
根据原文“November 7th The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers...”，可知关于James Brindley的讲座在11月7日，所以选C。
22. D
根据原文“February 6th An Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne.”，可知2月讲座的主题是关于科茨沃尔德运河的最新情况，所以选D。
23. A
根据原文“March 6th Eyots and Aits- Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them.”，可知Miranda Vickers将做关于泰晤士河岛屿的讲座，所以选A。
B
The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part- particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.
The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m, rain or shine, along North Lemon and state streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries, the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.
Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal- and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.
Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where- luckily for me- I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.
24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?
A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Relaxing. D. Annoying.
25. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile?
A. Having a swim.
B. Breathing in fresh air.
C. Walking in the morning sun.
D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.
26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?
A. They are soft.
B. They look nice.
C. They taste great.
D. They are juicy.
27. What was the author going to that evening?
A. Go to a farm.
B. check into a hotel.
C. Eat in a restaurant.
D. Buy fresh vegetable
答案解析：
24. B
根据原文“The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter”(寒冷多雪的东北部这个冬天并不是个适合消磨时光的好地方)以及后文作者迫不及待去佛罗里达州，可知作者认为她在纽约的冬天生活很无聊，所以选B。
25. D
根据原文“but the best part - particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold - weather root vegetables - was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake - up call”(但最棒的部分——尤其对于我因数月寒冷的天气而吃腻了根茎蔬菜的味蕾来说——是早上7点去萨拉索塔农贸市场的冒险，事实证明这早起是完全值得的)，可知参观当地农贸市场让作者早起很值得，所以选D。
26. B
根据原文“No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless”(不管它们在商店里看起来多么诱人，一旦我把它们带回家，它们总是又干又硬，没有味道)，可知纽约冬天卖的西红柿看起来好看，所以选B。
27. C
根据原文“my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where - luckily for me - I was planning to have dinner that very night”(当我得知布朗格罗夫农场是萨拉索塔丽思卡尔顿酒店新开的杰克达斯蒂餐厅的供应商之一时，我更加高兴了，幸运的是，我当晚就计划在那家餐厅吃晚餐)，可知作者当晚要去餐厅吃饭，所以选C。
C
Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.
28. Which of the following best describe Dali according to paragraph 1?
A. Optimistic. B. Productive C. Generous. D. Traditional.
29. What is Dali’s The Persistence of memory considered to be?
A. One of his masterworks.
B. A successful screen adaptation.
C. An artistic creation for the stage.
D. One of the beat TV programmes.
30. How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?
A. By popularity.
B. By importance.
C. By size and shape.
D. By time and subject.
31. What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Artworks. B. Projects. C. Donations. D. Documents.
答案解析：
28. B
根据原文“The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.”可知，展览汇集了达利200多幅绘画、雕塑、素描等作品，说明他多产，“Productive”符合，所以选B。
29. A
根据原文“Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory.”可知，《记忆的永恒》被认为是他的杰作之一，所以选A。
30. D
根据原文“The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.”可知，展品是按照时间和主题排列的，所以选D。
31. A
根据原文“The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.”可知，这里说与其他机构合作，且是对于主要作品的精选，所以“contributions”指的是其他机构提供的艺术品，所以选A。
D
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers-some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session-care quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,”Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”
A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s psychology cafes, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about lover, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehance’s group just to learn to say what they feel. There’s a strong need in Paris for communication, says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes would’t exist”, she says,”If life weren’t a battle, people wouln’t need a special place just to speak.” But them, it wouldn’t be France.
32. What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?
A. Learn a new subject
B. Keep in touch with friends.
C. show off their knowledge.
D. express their true feelings.
33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?
A. They are less frequently visited.
B. They stay open for longer hours.
C. They have bigger night crowds.
D. They start to serve fast food.
34. What are theme cafes expected to do?
A. create more jobs.
B. supply better drinks.
C. Save the cafe business.
D. Serve the neighborhood.
35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?
A. They bring people true friendship.
B. They give people spiritual support.
C. They help people realize their dreams.
D. They offer a platform for business links.
答案解析：
32. D
根据原文“Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.”以及“Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”，可知在La Chope咖啡馆，人们被鼓励表达自己的真实感受，所以选D。
33. A
根据原文“Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle - longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home.”可知，由于法国人生活方式的变化，巴黎咖啡馆的访问频率降低，所以选A。
34. C
根据原文“Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.”可知，主题咖啡馆的出现是为了改变巴黎咖啡馆受生活方式变化影响的状况，也就是拯救咖啡馆生意，所以选C。
35. B
根据原文“The city’s psychology cafes, which offer great comfort...”以及后文提到人们在咖啡馆与心理学家交流情感等内容，可知心理学咖啡馆在巴黎受欢迎是因为它们给人们提供精神支持，所以选B。
2015年新课标2
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model,I realized this a day later,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid,The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night,Fortunately, I didn’t got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.
Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static (静电) noise. For some reason,when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually,this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it,I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work,and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.
When neither of these methods removed the static noise ,I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether .My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more trouble.
21.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?
A.He got an older model than he had expected.
B.He couldn’t return it when it was broken.
C.He could have bought it at a lower price.
D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.
22.Which of the following can best replace the phrase”signed off”in paragraph 1?
A.ended all their programs
B.provided fewer channels
C.changed to commercials
D.showed all-night movies
23.How did the author finally get his TV set working again?
A. By shaking and hitting it.
B. By turning it on and off.
C. By switching channels.
D. By having it repaired.
24. How does the anthor sound when telling the story ?
A. Curious
B. Anxious
C. Cautious
D. Humorous
答案解析：
21. C 根据原文“I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model, I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid”可知，作者发现自己买这台电视机被骗是因为他本可以以更低的价格买到它，所以选C。
22. A 根据原文“The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.”可知，作者一开始把电视机开着直到电视台“signed off”，结合后文提到没有通宵电影频道，不然作者就没法睡觉了，由此可推测“signed off”意思是电视台结束所有节目，所以选A。
23. D 根据原文“My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now”可知，作者最后把电视机拿去修理了，所以选D。
24. D 根据原文“I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.”以及“At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist”等内容可知，作者在讲述自己电视机出现问题以及处理问题的过程时，语言比较诙谐幽默，比如提到摇电视机练出了手臂肌肉，最后用拳头砸电视机等，所以选D。
B
Your house may have an effect on your figure . Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off . You can make your environment work for you instead of against you . Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights . Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating , for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places-and so more likely to eat lots of food . If your home doesn’t have enough window light , get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors . research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites . In one study , people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room . warm colors like yellow make tood appear more appetizing , while cold colors make us feel less hungry . So when it’s time to repaint , go blue.
Don’t forget the clock-or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes, And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down , turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishs, Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one ,total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.
25.The text is especially helpful for those who care about_______.
A. their home comforts
B. their body shape
C. house buying
D. healthy diets
26.A home environment in blue can help people_________.
A.digest food better
B.reduce food intake
C.burn more calories
D.regain their appetites
27.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
A.Eat quickly.
B.Play fast music.
C.Use smaller spoons.
D.Turn down the lights.
28.What can be a suitable title for the test?
A.Is Your Hourse Making You Fat?
B.Ways of Serving Dinner
C.Effects of Self-Consciousness
D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?
答案解析：
25. B 根据原文“Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan.”可知，文章主要讲家居设计对身材的影响以及如何让家居环境有助于保持身材，所以对关心自己体型的人很有帮助，所以选B。
26. B 根据原文“In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.”可知，蓝色家居环境能帮助人们减少食物摄入量，所以选B。
27. C 根据原文“When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.”反向推理可知，建议人们用餐时使用小勺子以减少食物摄入量，所以选C。
28. A 根据原文“Your house may have an effect on your figure.”以及后文围绕家居环境对身材的影响展开论述可知，文章合适的标题是“你的房子让你变胖了吗?”，所以选A。
C
More student than ever cefore are taking a gap-year (间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off” between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.
This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by university and College Admissions Serbice(UCAS).
That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS asid that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be stisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.
But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students(NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student had ship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,”he said.
29. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?
A. It is flexible in length.
B. It is a time for relaxation.
C. It is increasingly popular.
D. It is required by universities.
30. according to Tony Higgins,students taking a gap year______.
A.arc better prepared for college studies
B.know a lot more about their future jobs
C.are more likely to leave university in debt
D.have a better chance to enter top universities
31. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?
A. He's puzzled.
B. He's worried.
C. He's surprised.
D. He's annoyed.
32. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?
A.Attend additional courses.
B. Make plans for the new term.
C.Earn money for their education.
D.Prepaer for their graduate studies.
答案解析：
29. C 根据原文“More students than ever before are taking a gap-year before going to university.”以及“That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.”可知，间隔年越来越受欢迎，所以选C。
30. A 根据原文“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,”可知，Tony Higgins认为参加间隔年的学生对大学学习准备更充分，所以选A。
31. B 根据原文“But not everyone is happy. Owain James... argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship...”可知，Owain James对间隔年现象感到担忧，所以选B。
32. C 根据原文“NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods”可知，根据NUS统计，大多数学生在假期会打工挣钱用于教育，所以选C。
D
Choose Your One-Day Tours
Tour A-Bath & Stonchenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge-￡37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter.
Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey,the Royal Crescent and the Costute Mtsan.Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years.
Tour B-Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the university St Mary’s Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's house一32 until 12 March and 36 thereafter.
Oxford: Includes a guided of England’s oldest university city and colleges. Look over the “city of dreaming spires(尖顶)”form St Mary’s Church Tower. Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.
Tour C—Windsor Castle & Hampton court including entrance fees to Hampton court Palace--£34 until March and £37 thereafter.
Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry Mill’s favourite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrace fees not included). With 500 years of history, Hampton court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace ia open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost!
Tour D-Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great-£33 .until 18 March and £37 thereafter.
Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.
33.Which tour will you choose if you want to see England’s oldest university city?
A.Tour A
B.Tour B
C.Tour C
D.Tour D
34.Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?
A.Windsor Castle & Hampton Court.
B.Oxford & Stratford
C.Bath &Stonehenge.
D.Cambridge.
35.Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?
A.It used to be the home of royal families.
B.It used to be a well-known maze
C.It is the oldest palace in Britain
D.It is a world-famous castle.
答案解析：
33. B 根据原文“Tour B-Oxford & Stratford...Includes a guided tour of England’s oldest university city and colleges.”可知，若想参观英国最古老的大学城应选择Tour B，所以选B。
34. D 根据原文各线路价格信息，3月17日时，Tour A价格为￡37(3月26日前为￡37，之后为￡39);Tour B价格为￡32(3月12日前为￡32，之后为￡36);Tour C价格为￡34(3月前为￡34，之后为￡37);Tour D价格为￡33(3月18日前为￡33，之后为￡37)。对比可知，3月17日价格最低的是Tour D(￡33)，所以选D。
35. A 根据原文“With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.”可知，汉普顿宫曾是皇室居所，所以成为主要旅游景点，所以选A。
