2016年北京卷
第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，20 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，共 30 分)
阅读下列短文：从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，将正确的选项涂在答题卡上。
A
December 15, 2014
Dear Alfred,
I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.
Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150+ at 17, I’m anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍). anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.
While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn’t. So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.
Since then, I have taken courses like Data science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, I’m learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose.
Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job — Data Analyst — this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.
Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.
This is why you’re saving my life.
Yours,
Tanis
56. Why didn’t Tanis go to college after high school?
A. She had learned enough about computer science
B. She had more difficulty keeping focused
C. She preferred taking online courses
D. She was too slow to learn
57. As for the working environment, Tanis prefers____.
A. working by herself
B. dealing with the public
C. competing against others
D. staying with ADHD students
58. Tanis wrote this letter in order to_____.
A. explain why she was interested in the computer
B. share the ideas she had for her profession
C. show how grateful she was to the center
D. describe the courses she had taken so far
答案解析：
56. B
根据文中提到Tanis患有注意力缺陷多动障碍，且在探索兴趣时病情加重，再结合她高中毕业后想上大学却不能上这一情况，可知她是因为注意力更难集中(病情加重导致)才没去上大学，所以选B。
57. A
根据文中“Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to.”可知Tanis希望找一份不用和公众打交道且能自己单独工作的职业，即她更倾向于自己单独工作，所以选A。
58. C
根据文章开头“I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.”以及结尾“This is why you’re saving my life.”还有中间详细阐述在培训中心学习课程给她带来的积极改变，可知Tanis写这封信是为了表达对培训中心的感激之情，所以选C。
B
Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)
Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.
On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”
Natalie’s choice was to help.
She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.
In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”
59. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found______.
A. some friends had lost their lives
B. her neighborhood was destroyed
C. her school had moved to Brooklyn
D. the elderly were free from suffering
60. according to paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?
A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild
B. The people trapped in high-rise building
C. The volunteers donating money to survivors
D. local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people
61. How did Natalie help the survivors?
A. She gave her toys to the kids
B. She took care of younger children
C. She called on the White House to help
D. She built an information sharing platform
62. What does the story intend to tell us?
A. Little people can make a big difference
B. A friend in need is a friend indeed
C. East or West, home is best
D.Technology is power
答案解析：
59. B
根据“When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知社区成为废墟，即被摧毁了，所以选B。
60. A
根据第四段“In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.”可知是帮助罗卡韦恢复重建的人们激励了Natalie，所以选A。
61. D
根据“She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.”可知Natalie创建网站页面为幸存者和捐赠者搭建桥梁，即建立了信息共享平台，所以选D。
62. A
文章讲述14岁的Natalie在飓风后积极帮助受灾人们并取得成效，表明小人物也能有大作为，所以选A。
C
California Condor’s Shocking Recovery
California condors are North America’s largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.
In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.
Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.
So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.
Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.
Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”
63.California condors attract researchers’ interest because they ______.
A. are active at night
B. had to be bred in the wild
C. are found only in California
D. almost died out in the 1980s
64.Researchers have found electrical lines are ______.
A. blocking condors’ journey home
B. big killers of California condors
C. rest places for condors at night
D. used to keep condors away
65.According to paragraph 5, lead poisoning ______.
A. makes condors too nervous to fly
B. has little effect on condors’ kidneys
C. can hardly be gotten rid of form condors’ blood
D. makes it different for condors to produce baby birds
66.The passage shows that ______.
A. the average survival time of condors is satisfactory
B. Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering
C. the efforts to protect condors have brought good results
D. researchers have found the final answers to the problem
答案解析：
63. D
根据文中“In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out.”可知，在20世纪80年代，电线和铅中毒几乎使加州神鹫灭绝，所以加州神鹫吸引了研究人员的兴趣，是因为它们在20世纪80年代几乎灭绝，所以选D。
64. B
根据文中“Electrical lines have been killing them off.”以及“Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.”可知，电线一直在导致加州神鹫死亡，它们飞翔时翅膀可能会搭在电线上，同时触碰两根电线就会被电死，这说明电线是加州神鹫的大杀手，所以选B。
65. D
根据文中“This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death.”可知，铅中毒会影响加州神鹫的神经系统和繁殖幼鸟的能力，还会导致肾衰竭和死亡，所以铅中毒使得加州神鹫繁殖幼鸟变得困难，所以选D。
66. C
根据文中“Before the training was introduced, 66% of set - freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.”以及“The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.”可知，在采取相关保护措施后，因触电死亡的加州神鹫比例下降，成年神鹫的年死亡率也大幅下降，这说明保护加州神鹫的努力取得了良好的效果，所以选C。
