主谓一致是英语考试中必考的基础语法点,单选、改错、写作都会出现。很多同学明明认识单词,却因为主谓一致丢分。其实主谓一致只有三大核心原则,掌握高频考点和陷阱,就能轻松拿分。

一、主谓一致三大核心原则(最基础 最关键)
1. 语法一致原则
主语是单数,谓语用单数;主语是复数,谓语用复数。这是最基本的规则。
例句:The tree grows fast.(单数主语)
例句:The trees grow fast.(复数主语)
2. 意义一致原则
不看形式,看意思。主语看似复数,但表示一个整体概念,谓语用单数;表示个体时用复数。
例句:Ten years is a long time.(十年看作整体)
例句:The family are watching TV.(家人看作个体)
3. 就近一致原则
连接并列主语时,谓语动词单复数由离它最近的主语决定。
常考连词:or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also
例句:Neither he nor I am wrong.
例句:Not only the students but also the teacher likes sports.
二、考试必考高频考点(一定要背熟)
1. 集体名词的主谓一致
family, class, team, group, government 等
强调整体 → 单数
强调成员 → 复数
例句:Our class is a big one.(整体)
例句:Our class are having a meeting.(成员)
2. 以s结尾但单数的名词
physics, maths, news, politics 等
虽然结尾是s,但表示一门学科或不可数概念,谓语一律用单数。
例句:The news is very exciting.
3. a number of 与 the number of(每年必考)
a number of + 复数名词 → 许多 → 谓语复数
the number of + 复数名词 → …的数量 → 谓语单数
例句:A number of students are playing.
例句:The number of students is 50.
4. 不定代词作主语
everyone, somebody, everything, nobody, each, either 一律单数
both, many, few 一律复数
例句:Everyone is here.
例句:Both are correct.
5. 动名词、不定式、主语从句作主语
一律用单数谓语
例句:Reading is important.
例句:What he needs is a book.
6. there be 句型
遵循就近原则
例句:There is a pen and two books on the desk.
三、考试最容易丢分的陷阱题
1. 主语后有插入语
together with, as well as, along with, except, but
这些词后面的内容不影响主谓一致,谓语只和最前面的主语保持一致。
例句:The teacher, together with her students, is coming.
2. more than one + 单数名词
意思是“不止一个”,但谓语用单数
例句:More than one student has passed the exam.
3. 分数 / 百分数 + 名词
谓语单复数由后面的名词决定
名词不可数 → 单数
名词复数 → 复数
例句:Three fourths of the water is clean.
例句:Three fourths of the students are boys.
4. 定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词who/that/which作主语时,谓语和先行词一致。
例句:He is the boy who works hard.
例句:I like the books that are interesting.
四、真题实战练习(含答案)
1. Neither you nor he ________ wrong.(is/are)
答案:is(就近原则)
2. The teacher with two students ________ in the classroom.(is/are)
答案:is(就远原则)
3. A number of people ________ in the park.(is/are)
答案:are
4. The number of girls ________ 15.(is/are)
答案:is
五、一句话快速记忆主谓一致
单数主语用单数,复数主语用复数;
集体名词看整体,插入语不干涉;
就近原则看靠近,数量词看名词;
不定代词多半单,分数百分数看后面。
