2016年12月第三套
Small communities, with their distinctive character--where life is stable and intensely human—are disappearing. Some have 26 from the face of the earth, others are dying slowly, but all have 27 changes as they have come into contact with an 28 machine civilization. The merging of diverse peoples into a common mass has produced tension among members of the minorities and the majority alike.
The Old Order Amish, who arrived on American shores in colonial times, have 29 in the modem world in distinctive, small communities. They have resisted the homogenization 30 more successfully than others. In planting and harvest time one can see their bearded men working the fields with horses and their women hanging out the laundry in neat rows to dry. Many American people have seen Amish families, with the men wearing broad-brimmed black hats and the women in long dresses,
in railway or bus 31 Although the Amish have lived with 32 America for over two and a half centuries, they have moderated its influence on their personal lives, their families, communities, and their values.
The Amish are often 33 by other Americans to be relics of the past who live a simple, inflexible life dedicated to inconvenient out-dated customs. They are seen as abandoning both modem 34 and the American dream of success and progress. But most people have no quarrel with the Amish for doing things the old-fashioned way. Their conscientious objection was tolerated in wartime, for after all, they are good farmers who 35 the virtues of work and thrift.
A. accessing B. conveniences C. destined D. expanding E. industrialized
F. perceived G. practice H. process I. progress J. respective
K. survived L. terminals M. undergone N. universal O. vanished
2017年6月第一套
After becoming president of Purdue university in 2013, Mitch Daniels asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education's most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no __26__ gains in such mental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to __27__ the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is "very important" has fallen __28__ in the last 5-6 years.
Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students' critical thinking skills. Yet like many college teachers around the U.S., the faculty remain __29__ that their work as educators can be measured by a "learning __30__" such as a graduate's ability to investigate and reason. However, the professors need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can use __31__ metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication, and quantitative literacy.
Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are worrisome, and mostly __32__ earlier studies. The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.
American universities, despite their global __33__ for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are __34__ advanced thinking skills from college graduates. If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be __35__ measured, more people will seek higher education—and come out better thinkers.
A) accurately B) confirm C) demanding D) doubtful E) drastically
F) justify G) monopolized H) outcome I) predominance J) presuming
K) reputation L) significant M) signify N) simultaneously O) standardized
2017年6月第二套
Half of your brain stays alert and prepared for danger when you sleep in a new place, a study has revealed. This phenomenon is often __26__ to as the "first-night-effect". Researchers from Brown university found that a network in the left hemisphere of the brain "remained more active" than the network in the right side of the brain. Playing sounds into the right ears (stimulating the left hemisphere) of __27__ was more likely to wake them up than if the noises were played into their left ear.
It was __28__ observed that the left side of the brain was more active during deep sleep. When the researchers repeated the laboratory experiment on the second and third nights they found the left hemisphere could not be stimulated in the same way during deep sleep. The researchers explained that the study demonstrated when we are in a __29__ environment the brain partly remains alert so that humans can defend themselves against any __30__ danger.
The researchers believe this is the first time that the "first-night-effect" of different brain states has been __31__ in humans. It isn't, however, the first time it has ever been seen. Some animal __32__ also display this phenomenon. For example, dolphins, as well as other __33__ animals, shut down one hemisphere of the brain when they go to sleep. A previous study noted that dolphins always __34__ control their breathing. Without keeping the brain active while sleeping, they would probably drown. But, as the human study suggest, another reason for dolphins keeping their eyes open during sleep is that they can look out for __35__ while asleep. It also keeps their physiological processes working.
A) classified B) consciously C) dramatically D) exotic E) identified
F) inherent G) marine H) novel I) potential J) predators
K) referred L) species M) specifically N) varieties O) volunteers
2017年6月第三套
Let's all stop judging people who talk to themselves. New research says that those who can't seem to keep their inner monologues (独白) in are actually more likely to stay on task, remain __26__ better and show improved perception capabilities. Not bad, really, for some extra muttering.
According to a series of experiments published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology by professors Gary Lupyan and Daniel Swignley, the act of using verbal clues to __27__ mental pictures helps people function quicker.
In one experiment, they showed pictures of various objects to twenty __28__ and asked them to find just one of those, a banana. Half were __29__ to repeat out loud what they were looking for and the other half kept their lips __30__. Those who talked to themselves found the banana slightly faster than those who didn't, the researchers say. In other experiments, Lupyan and Swignley found that __31__ the name of a common product when on the hunt for it helped quicken someone's pace, but talking about uncommon items showed no advantage and slowed you down.
Common research has long held that talking themselves through a task helps children learn, although doing so when you've __32__ matured is not a great sign of __33__. The two professors hope to refute that idea, __34__ that just as when kids walk themselves through a process, adults can benefit from using language not just to communicate, but also to help "augment thinking".
Of course, you are still encouraged to keep the talking at library tones and, whatever you do, keep the information you share simple, like a grocery list. At any __35__, there's still such a thing as too much information.
A) apparently B) arrogance C) brilliance D) claiming E) dedicated
F) focused G) incur H) instructed I) obscurely J) sealed
K) spectators L) trigger M) uttering N) volume O) volunteers
2017年12月第一套
In the past 12 months,Nigeria has suffered from a shrinking economy, a sliding currency, and a prolonged fuel shortage. Now, Africa’s largest in facing a food crisis as major tomato fields have been destroyed by an insect,leading to a nationwide shortage and escalating prices.
The insect, Tutaabsoluta, has destroyed 80% of farms in Kaduna, Nigeria's largest tomato producing state, leading the government there to declare a state of 26 .The insect, also known as the tomato leaf miner, devastates crops by 27 on fruits and digging into and moving through stalks.It 28 incredibly quickly, breeding up to 12 generations per year if conditions are favorable. it is believed to have 29 in South America in the early 1900s, and later spread to Europe before crossing over to sub-Saharan Africa.
In Nigeria, where tomatoes are a staple of local diets,the insect's effects are devastating. Retail prices for a 30 of tomatoes at local markets have risen from $0. 50 to $2.50. Farmers are reporting steep losses and a new $20 million tomato-paste factory has 31 production due to the shortages.
Given the moth's ability also to attack crops like pepper and potatoes, Audu Ogbeh, Nigeria's minister of agriculture, has warned that the pest may"create serious problems for food 32 "in the country. Ogbeh says experts are investigating how to control the pest’s damage and prevent its spread, which has gone largely 33 until now.
Despite being the continent's second-largest producer of tomatoes, Nigeria is 34 on $1 billion worth of tomato-paste imports every year.as around 75% of the local harvest goes to waste thanks to a lack of proper storage facilities. A further 35 in local supplies is yet another unwelcome setback to the industry.
A) dependent B) Embarking C) emergency D) feeding E) grazes
F) halted G) handful H) multitude I) originated J) reduction
K) reproduces L) security M) terror N) unchecked O) untouched
2017年12月第二套
The Pacific island nation of Palau has become home to the sixth largest marine sanctuary in the world. The new marine reserve, now the largest in the Pacific, will 26 no fishing or mining. Palau also established the world's first shark sanctuary in 2009.
The tiny island nation has set aside 500,000 square kilometres—80 percent—of its maritime 27 , for full protection. That's the highest percentage of an 28 economic zone devoted to marine conservation by any country in the world. The remaining 20 percent of the Palau seas will be reserved for local fishing by individuals and small-scale 29 fishing businesses with limited exports.
"Island 30 have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing the ocean," said president Tommy Remengesau Jr. in a statement. "Creating this sanctuary is a bold move that the people of Palau recognise as 31 to our survival. We want to lead the way in restoring the health of the ocean for future generations."
Palau has only been an 32 nation for twenty years and has a strong history of environmental protection. It is home to one of the world's finest marine ecosystems, with more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.
Senator Hokkons Baules, lead 33 of the Palau National Marine Sanctuary Act, said the sanctuary will "help build a 34 future for the Palauan people by honoring the conservation traditions of our past". These include the centuries-old custom of "bul", where leaders would call a temporary stop to fishing for key species in order to give fish 35 an opportunity to replenish (补充).
A) allocate B) celebrities C) commercial D) communities E) essential
F) exclusive G) independent H) indulge I) permit J) secure
K) solitary L) spectacle M) sponsor N) stocks O) territory
2017年12月第三套
Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles and Germany has just stated that they plan to ban the sale of vehicles using gasoline and diesel as fuel by 2030. The country is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint by 80-95% by 2050, 26 a shift to green energy in the country. Effectively, the ban will include the registration of new cars in the country as they will not allow any gasoline 27 vehicle to be registered after 2030.
Part of the reason this ban is being discussed and 28 is because energy officials see that they will not reach their emissions goals by 2050 if they do not 29 a large portion of vehicle emissions. The country is still 30 that it will meet its emissions goals, like reducing emissions by 40% by 2020, but the 31 of electric cars in the country has not occurred as fast as ejected.
Other efforts to increase the use of electric vehicles include plans to build over 1 million hybrid and electric car battery changing stations across the country. By 2030, Germany plans on having over 6 million charging stations 32 . according to the International Business Times, electric car sales are expected to increase as Volkswagen is still recovering from its emissions scandal.
There are 33 around 155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles on German roads, dwarfed by the 45 million gasoline and diesel cars driving there now. As countries continue setting goals of reducing emissions, greater steps need to be taken to have a 34 effect on the surrounding environment. While the efforts are certainly not 35 , the results of such bans will likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future.
A) allocate B) celebrities C) commercial D) communities E) essential
F) exclusive G) independent H) indulge I) permit J) secure
K) solitary L) spectacle M) sponsor N) stocks O) territory
答案解析：
2016年12月第三套
根据空格前的 Some have” 和空格后的 from the face of the earth” 可知，此处需要一个动词，与后文 others are dying slowly” (其他社区正在慢慢消亡) 形成并列或对比关系。选项 O vanished” (消失) 符合语境，意为 一些已经从地球上消失了”。所以选 O。
根据空格前的 all have” 和空格后的 changes” 可知，此处需要一个动词，表示所有社区都经历了变化”。选项 M undergone” (经历，经受) 符合语境和搭配，构成 have undergone changes” (经历了变化)。所以选 M。
根据空格后的 machine civilization” (机器文明) 可知，此处需要一个以元音因素开头的形容词来修饰它。此句意为随着与......及其文明接触，这些小型社区都经历了改变，空格处所填的词应该体现机器文明的特点，选项 D expanding” (日益扩张的) 符合语境，所以选 D。
根据空格前的 The Old Order Amish... have” 和空格后的 in the modern world” 可知，此处需要一个动词，表示阿米什人在现代社会中的状态。后文提到他们成功地抵制了同化，说明他们生存了下来。选项 K survived” (存活，幸存) 符合语境。所以选 K。
根据空格前的 the homogenization” (同化) 和空格后的 more successfully than others” 可知，此处需要一个名词，表示他们成功地抵制了同化的某个方面或过程。选项 H process” (过程) 符合语境，意为 同化的过程”。所以选 H。
根据空格前的 in railway or bus” 可知，此处需要一个名词，与 railway” (铁路) 和 bus” (公共汽车) 并列，表示交通站点”。选项 L terminals” (终点站，航站楼) 符合语境，意为 在火车站或公交车站”。所以选 L。
根据空格后的 America” 可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰美国”。文章主题是传统社区与工业文明”的接触，前文提到了 industrialized machine civilization”，此处指阿米什人虽然与工业化的”美国共存，但抵制了其影响。选项 E industrialized” (工业化的) 符合语境。所以选 E。
根据空格前的 The Amish are often” 和空格后的 by other Americans to be...” 可知，此处需要一个过去分词，构成被动语态 be...ed by... to be...” (被...认为是...)。选项 F perceived” (被看作，被认为) 符合语境和搭配。所以选 F。
根据空格前的 modern” 和空格后的 and the American dream” 可知，此处需要一个名词，与 the American dream” (美国梦) 并列，作为阿米什人似乎抛弃的东西。选项 B conveniences” (便利设施) 符合语境，意为 现代便利设施”。所以选 B。
根据空格前的 they are good farmers who” 和空格后的 the virtues of work and thrift” (工作和节俭的美德) 可知，此处需要一个动词，表示他们 践行”或 实践”这些美德。选项 G practice” (实践，奉行) 符合语境。所以选 G。
2017年6月第一套
根据空格前的“no”和空格后的名词“gains”(进步)，可知此处需要一个形容词来修饰“gains”。句意为“超过三分之一的学生在校期间在思维能力方面没有任何______进步”。结合后文提到的大学需要证明学生获得了“批判性思维”这一重要目标，可以推断，这里指的是“显著的”或“有意义的”进步。在选项中，significant(显著的，重要的)最符合语境。
空格前是“needed to”，后面是“the high cost...”(高昂的学费)，可知此处需要一个动词。句意为“Daniels先生需要______普渡大学对学生及其家庭收取的高昂学费”。将高昂的费用与某种原因或价值联系起来，最合理的逻辑是“证明……是合理的”或“为……辩护”。justify(证明……是正当的)完美地表达了这层含义。
空格前是动词“fallen”(下降)，后面是“in the last 5-6 years”，可知此处需要一个副词来修饰“fallen”，说明下降的程度。句意为“认为大学学位‘非常重要’的美国人比例在过去的5-6年里______下降了”。根据常识，这种观念的转变通常是剧烈的。drastically(急剧地，大幅度地)最能体现这种变化的程度。
空格前是“remain”，后面是“that their work... can be measured...”，可知此处需要一个形容词，描述教师们的态度。句意为“然而，和美国许多大学教师一样，普渡大学的教师们仍然______他们的教育工作能被‘学习______’所衡量”。后文提到“However, the professors need not worry so much”(然而，教授们不必如此担心)，这是一个转折，说明前文的态度是负面的，即“怀疑的”。doubtful(怀疑的)符合语境。
空格前是“learning”，可知此处需要一个名词，与“learning”构成复合名词。句意为“他们的教育工作能被一个‘学习______’所衡量，比如毕业生的调查和推理能力”。这里的“学习______”指的是学习的结果或成果。outcome(结果，成果)是最佳选择。
空格后是名词“metrics”(衡量标准)，可知此处需要一个形容词来修饰它。句意为“教授们可以使用______的衡量标准来评估学生在三个关键领域的表现”。在教育领域，为了进行公平、大规模的评估，通常会使用“标准化的”工具。standardized(标准化的)符合这一教育背景。
空格前是“mostly”，后面是“earlier studies”(早期的研究)，可知此处需要一个动词。句意为“实验的实际结果令人担忧，并且大部分______了早期的研究”。实验结果与早期研究之间，最常见的关系是“证实”或“印证”。confirm(证实，确认)符合逻辑。
空格前是“global”，后面是“for excellence in teaching”，可知此处需要一个名词。句意为“美国大学，尽管在教学卓越方面享有全球______”。与“享有……的声誉”搭配最自然的词是reputation(声誉，名望)。
空格前是“employers are”，后面是“advanced thinking skills...”，可知此处需要一个动词。句意为“但雇主们正从大学毕业生身上______高级思维能力”。雇主对毕业生提出要求，用“要求”或“需求”最恰当。demanding(要求，苛求)在此处作动词，符合语境。
空格前是“can be”，后面是过去分词“measured”(被衡量)，可知此处需要一个副词来修饰“measured”。句意为“如果大学学位的智力价值能被______衡量，更多的人会寻求高等教育”。为了让学位的价值得到广泛认可，衡量方式必须是“准确地”。accurately(准确地)是最佳答案。
2017年6月第二套
1.根据“This phenomenon is often...to as the 'first - night - effect'”，可知这里考查固定搭配“be referred to as”(被称作，被称为)，所以选K。
2.根据语境，这里是说把声音播放进“志愿者”的右耳比播放进左耳更有可能唤醒他们，“volunteers”(志愿者)符合语境，所以选O。
3.根据“observed that the left side of the brain was more active during deep sleep”，这里需要一个副词来修饰“observed”，“specifically”(特别地，具体地)符合，表示特别观察到左脑在深度睡眠期间更活跃，所以选M。
4.根据“when we are in a...environment the brain partly remains alert”，结合前文提到在新的地方睡觉会出现“first - night - effect”，可知是在“新的”环境中大脑会部分保持警觉，“novel”(新的)符合，所以选H。
5.根据“defend themselves against any...danger”，可知是要防御任何“潜在的”危险，“potential”(潜在的)符合，所以选I。
6.根据“the 'first - night - effect' of different brain states has been...in humans”，可知这里是说这种大脑不同状态的“first - night - effect”在人类身上被“确认”，“identified”(确认，识别)符合，所以题选E。
7.根据“Some animal...also display this phenomenon”，可知这里说的是一些动物“物种”也表现出这种现象，“species”(物种)符合，所以选L。
8.根据“dolphins, as well as other...animals”，海豚属于海洋动物，这里说和其他“海洋”动物一样，“marine”(海洋的)符合，所以选G。
9.根据“dolphins always...control their breathing”，可知海豚总是“有意识地”控制呼吸，“consciously”(有意识地)符合，所以选B。
10.根据“they can look out for...while asleep”，结合语境可知是睡着的时候留意“捕食者”，“predators”(捕食者)符合，所以选J。
2017年6月第三套
26. 根据“New research says that those who can't seem to keep their inner monologues (独白) in are actually more likely to stay on task”(新研究表明，那些似乎无法抑制内心独白的人实际上更有可能专注于任务)，可知此处表示更专注，“focused”符合语境，所以选F。
27. 根据“the act of using verbal clues to...mental pictures helps people function quicker”(使用语言线索来……心理图像的行为有助于人们更快地发挥作用)，可知是用语言线索触发心理图像，“trigger”有“触发”之意，所以选L。
28. 根据“In one experiment, they showed pictures of various objects to twenty...”(在一个实验中，他们向二十……展示各种物体的图片)，结合语境可知是向志愿者展示图片，“volunteers”符合，所以选O。
29. 根据“Half were...to repeat out loud what they were looking for”(一半……大声重复他们正在寻找的东西)，可知是被告知要这样做，“instructed”有“指示，告知”之意，所以选H。
30. 根据“the other half kept their lips...”(另一半保持嘴唇……)，与前面大声重复形成对比，可知是嘴唇紧闭，“sealed”符合，所以选J。
31. 根据“...the name of a common product when on the hunt for it helped quicken someone's pace”(在寻找一种常见产品时……它的名字有助于加快某人的速度)，可知是说出名字，“uttering”有“说出”之意，所以选M。
32. 空格后面是谓语have matured，可知这里需要填写一个副词来修饰mature，空格处句意为“长期以来，常见的研究都认为，通过一项任务自言自语有助于孩子学习，尽管当你……成熟时这样做”，可知apparently符合语境，表示明显成熟/成年，所以选A。
33. 根据“although doing so when you've matured is not a great sign of...”(尽管当你成熟时这样做并不是……的好迹象)，结合语境可知不是聪明的表现，“brilliance”有“聪明，才智”之意，所以选C。
34. 根据“The two professors hope to refute that idea,...that just as when kids walk themselves through a process”(两位教授希望反驳这个观点，……就像孩子们自己经历一个过程一样)，可知是声称，“claiming”符合，所以选D。
35. 根据“At any..., there's still such a thing as too much information.”(在任何……，仍然存在信息过多这种情况)，结合语境可知是无论如何，“at any volume”从整体语境看可理解为在各种情况下(这里“volume”引申为情况的程度等意思 )，所以选N。
2017年12月第一套
26. 根据“The insect, Tutaabsoluta, has destroyed 80% of farms in Kaduna, Nigeria's largest tomato producing state”(这种名为Tutaabsoluta的昆虫已经摧毁了尼日利亚最大番茄生产州卡杜纳80%的农场)，可知情况紧急，政府宣布进入紧急状态。“declare a state of emergency”是固定表达，意为“宣布进入紧急状态”，所以选C。
27. 根据“devastates crops by...on fruits and digging into and moving through stalks”(通过……水果、钻入并穿过茎干来摧毁庄稼)，可知这里说的是昆虫以水果为食，“feed on”表示“以……为食”，所以选D。
28. 根据“breeding up to 12 generations per year if conditions are favorable”(如果条件有利，每年繁殖多达12代)，可知这种昆虫繁殖速度极快，“reproduce”表示“繁殖”，所以选K。
29. 根据“it is believed to have...in South America in the early 1900s”(人们认为它在20世纪初……于南美洲)，可知这里说的是这种昆虫起源于南美洲，“originate”表示“起源”，所以选I。
30. 根据“Retail prices for a...of tomatoes at local markets have risen from $0. 50 to $2.50”(当地市场上……番茄的零售价格从0.5美元涨到了2.5美元)，“a handful of”是固定短语，表示“一把;少量”，这里用“a handful”来描述一定数量的番茄，所以选G。
31. 根据“Farmers are reporting steep losses and a new $20 million tomato - paste factory has...production due to the shortages”(农民们报告说损失惨重，一家耗资2000万美元的新番茄酱工厂由于短缺已经……生产)，可知工厂因为短缺停止了生产，“halt”表示“停止”，所以选F。
32. 根据“Given the moth's ability also to attack crops like pepper and potatoes”(考虑到这种飞蛾还能攻击像辣椒和土豆这样的作物)，可知这种害虫可能会给国家的粮食安全带来严重问题，“food security”表示“粮食安全”，所以选L。
33. 根据“Ogbeh says experts are investigating how to control the pest’s damage and prevent its spread”(奥格贝说专家们正在调查如何控制这种害虫的破坏并防止其传播)，以及“which has gone largely...until now”(到目前为止，这种情况基本上……)，可知这种害虫的传播在很大程度上没有得到控制，“unchecked”表示“未受检查的;未受控制的”，所以选N。
34. 根据“as around 75% of the local harvest goes to waste thanks to a lack of proper storage facilities”(由于缺乏适当的储存设施，当地约75%的收成被浪费了)，可知尼日利亚依赖价值10亿美元的番茄酱进口，“be dependent on”表示“依赖”，所以选A。
35. 根据“A further...in local supplies is yet another unwelcome setback to the industry”(当地供应的进一步……对这个行业来说是又一个不受欢迎的挫折)，结合前文提到番茄短缺，可知这里说的是当地供应的进一步减少，“reduction”表示“减少”，所以选J。
2017年12月第二套
根据语境“新的海洋保护区，现在是太平洋最大的，将____ 禁止捕鱼或采矿”，可知这里表达禁止的意思，“permit”通常用于肯定语境表示允许，其反义概念“禁止”可用“no fishing or mining”体现，结合语境这里是说该保护区不允许捕鱼和采矿，所以选I。
根据“The tiny island nation has set aside 500,000 square kilometres—80 percent—of its maritime ____”可知，这里说的是划出其海洋的一定范围，“maritime territory”表示“海洋领土;海域”，符合语境，所以选O。
根据“That's the highest percentage of an ____ economic zone devoted to marine conservation by any country in the world.”可知，这里说的是专属经济区，“exclusive economic zone”是固定表达，意为“专属经济区”，所以选F。
根据“The remaining 20 percent of the Palau seas will be reserved for local fishing by individuals and small-scale ____ fishing businesses with limited exports.”可知，这里说的是小规模的商业捕鱼企业，“commercial”表示“商业的”，符合语境，所以选C。
根据“Island ____ have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing the ocean”可知，这里说的是岛屿社区，“island communities”表示“岛屿社区”，符合语境，所以选D。
根据“Creating this sanctuary is a bold move that the people of Palau recognise as ____ to our survival.”可知，创建这个保护区是帕劳人民认为对生存很必要的举措，“essential”表示“必要的”，符合语境，所以选E。
根据“Palau has only been an ____ nation for twenty years”可知，这里说的是帕劳成为一个独立的国家，“independent”表示“独立的”，符合语境，所以选G。
根据“Senator Hokkons Baules, lead ____ of the Palau National Marine Sanctuary Act”可知，这里说的是帕劳国家海洋保护区法案的主要发起人，“sponsor”表示“发起者;赞助者”，符合语境，所以选M。
根据“help build a ____ future for the Palauan people”可知，这里说的是为帕劳人民构建一个安全的未来，“secure”表示“安全的”，符合语境，所以选J。
根据“where leaders would call a temporary stop to fishing for key species in order to give fish ____ an opportunity to replenish”可知，这里说的是给鱼类种群一个补充的机会，“fish stocks”表示“鱼类种群”，符合语境，所以选N。
2017年12月第三套
根据句子结构，“a shift to green energy in the country”在句中作结果状语，且前面有逗号，可知此处需要一个动词的 -ing 形式。结合句意“这个国家还计划到2050年将其碳足迹减少80 - 95%，从而引发国内向绿色能源的转变”，“sparking”有“引发”之意，所以选O。
“vehicle”是名词，前面需要形容词修饰。根据句意“2030年后，他们将不允许任何汽油驱动的车辆注册”，“powered”表示“由……驱动的”，符合语境，所以选L。
“is being discussed”是现在进行时的被动语态，“and”连接两个并列结构，可知此处需要过去分词与“is being”构成被动语态。根据句意“这项禁令正在被讨论和实施的部分原因是……”，“implemented”意为“实施”，所以选H。
“do not”后面接动词原形。根据句意“如果他们不消除很大一部分车辆排放，到2050年就无法达到排放目标”，“eliminate”表示“消除”，符合语义，所以选D。
“is”后面接形容词作表语。根据句意“这个国家仍然希望它能达到其排放目标，比如在2020年前将排放量减少40%”，“hopeful”表示“有希望的”，所以选G。
“the”后面接名词。根据句意“但是国内电动汽车的接受程度没有像预期的那样快”，“acceptance”表示“接受”，符合语境，所以选A。
“having”是现在分词，“charging stations”与“安装”之间是被动关系，此处需过去分词作宾语补足语。根据句意“德国计划安装超过600万个充电站”，“installed”表示“安装”，所以选J。
“There are”后面接副词修饰整个句子。根据句意“目前德国道路上大约有155,000辆注册的混合动力和电动汽车”，“currently”表示“目前”，所以选B。
“a”后面接形容词修饰“effect”。根据句意“需要采取更大的步骤来对周围环境产生明显的影响”，“noticeable”表示“明显的”，所以选K。
“are”后面接形容词作表语。根据句意“虽然这些努力当然不是徒劳的”，“futile”表示“徒劳的”，所以选F。
