2020年北京卷
A
Helping Seniors(老年人)
Matt Posted 5/15/20 4:53 PM
I created Teens Helping Seniors with my friends. The group has about 200 volunteers. The volunteers deliver food or other supplies for the elderly in town. I spend six to eight hours a week buying food and making deliveries. By now we have completed 350 deliveries.
LindaPosted 5/15/20 6:25 PM
I organized Mittler senior Technology, a program to help the elderly learn how to use computers and smartphones. Now there are 50 local seniors in the weekly technology classes. I want to make sure that the seniors could stay connected to the world.
Jordan Posted 5/16/20 5:20 PM
I came up with a way to help lonely seniors with my friends. We call it the Joy 4 All Project. By dialing 569-4255, the elderly can hear pre-recorded jokes and poems. The hotline has received more than 1,800 phone calls.
Kathy Posted 5/16/20 7:46 PM
I heard that the seniors in the nursing home couldn't see their families and friends very often, so my friends and I decided to cheer up the elderly by writing them letters. We want them to know that nobody is being forgotten. By now more than 100 students in my school have joined us.
21.Who created Teens Helping Seniors?
A.Kathy. B.Linda. C.Jordan. D.Matt.
22.How many local seniors are there in the weekly technology classes?
A.50. B.100. C.200. D.350.
23.To help the elderly in the nursing home, Kathy and her schoolmates ___.
A.taught them how to use computers
B.recorded jokes and poems for them
C.wrote them letters to cheer them up
D.delivered food or other supplies for them
B
A Day at the Nature Center
Emma stared (凝视) sadly out of the window of the bus. Only 50 miles outside town was the farm. She thought about the farm all the time, especially the animals.
When her family sold the farm and moved to a nearby town, Emma was excited.But when she got to the new school, she felt very lonely.
With a sigh (叹气), Emma turned her attention back to the present.The bus came to a stop. “Welcome to the Leinweber Nature Center,” her teacher said. “A guide will give us a presentation about animals, and then you'll help to feed the baby squirrels. Now, I want everyone to find a partner.”
Emma didn't have any friends yet—who would be her partner?Emma got close to Julia, a talkative and outgoing girl.“Could I be your partner?”Emma asked uncertainly.
“Sure,”said Julia warmly.
Together, the girls walked into the center. After the presentation, a keeper showed them how to hold the bottle of milk for baby squirrels. Then the girls started to feed their own baby squirrels.
After the babies finished eating, the keeper asked, “Would you like to help feed the adult squirrels, too?”
Emma was quick to volunteer, but when the keeper opened the first cage, the squirrel inside jumped out. Emma remained calm (镇静的), held out her hand, made quiet sounds, and then quickly got it.
“Wow!” Julia said. “You're always so quiet. I thought you were afraid of everything, but you are brave.”
“I know that when animals are frightened or excited, you have to stay calm.”
The keeper nodded in agreement and asked Emma, “Would you be interested in volunteering to help out with the animals at the center?”
“Interested? I would love to work here! What an opportunity!” Emma was excited.
That afternoon, in the bus on the way back to school, Emma sat next to Julia,her new friend. A rush of newfound happiness washed over her.
24.How did Emma feel when she got to the new school?
A.Lonely. B.Lucky. C.Surprised. D.Angry.
25.At the nature center, Emma and Julia ___.
A.took a chance to be tour guides B.helped to feed the baby squirrels
C.asked the keeper many questions D.made a presentation about nature
26.On the way back to school, Emma felt happy because ___.
A.the volunteers warmly welcomed her
B.the teacher praised her for her bravery
C.she found a place to care for animals and made a friend
D.she went back to the farm and learned a lot about animals
C
There are millions of recipes (菜谱) hidden in the boxes and hearts of grandmothers and parents. These family recipes are a special part of our family history. Some of them have been passed down from generation(一代人) to generation.
“I realized I couldn't go home every weekend for my mom's delicious dishes,”says Shreya, who is about to enter university. Shreya has recently started following her mother around the kitchen, taking notes on how to make her “masala chai” and tasty kachoris.
“Those special tastes can immediately unlock a whole flood of emotions, memories and feelings of family, love, and comfort,” says she.
She adds, “I am looking to the day when my kids will come to know of their grandmothers through the dishes they cooked.”
But many of us find it difficult to keep the food connection with our busy life.Even if we have time, not many of us take the effort to collect and record the recipes from our grandmothers and parents. We often get a recipe on the phone and take it down quickly on a piece of paper. We just stick it onto the fridge for a week or two and forget about it as soon as the paper disappears from there.
Actually, there are simple ways to keep family recipes. Scrapbooks (剪贴簿)are easily found in the market. You can even add photos to record every detail of your memories about the recipe. With the help of some popular apps like Story Scans,recording family recipes has never been easier. What is needed is to scan(扫描) the recipes and record the story behind each of them. It can become the most meaningful work you have ever done with and for your family.
Keeping family recipes is saving and honoring our tradition so that future generations can continue to make family ties stronger. Every time you remember your loved ones,recreate one of the dishes from your collection and let the memories from the good old days comfort you. So why not gift your kids a family recipe book when they are starting a new life?
27.Why does Shreya follow her mother around the kitchen?
A.To clean up the kitchen. B.To note down recipes.
C.To prepare family dinners. D.To talk about family rules.
28.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Ways to record recipes can be easy.
B.Most people like writing recipe books.
C.Recipes have become popular with kids.
D.People often buy recipe books in the market.
29.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Family Recipes:Secrets of Cooking
B.Family Recipes Are at a Crossroads
C.Family Recipes:Connections to Interests
D.Family Recipes Are More than Just Recipes
D
Today we can do everything with apps:pay bills, order food and shop for anything. Mobile technology means we can hold the world in our hands. However, when it comes to technology and health care, opportunities and challenges come together.
Let's start with the ways to get health care. Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis (诊断) and instructions without leaving home.
In addition, there are many patient websites. These allow for different kinds of interactions about our health needs without involving the medical team. Setting a date with doctors and reading lab results are readily achieved by technology.
A whole new age of medical care seems likely (可能的) to come in the future.But every coin has two sides. What might be on the other side of techno-health care?
Firstly, we should think about the health care experience as a whole. A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist (接待员), who can see and tell how a patient is doing. This may influence the treatment effect. It's unlikely that a patient website will have such intuition.
Next, sharing the details of one's life requires trust, which takes time to build.This is certainly true in health care, where some of life's best and worst moments involve doctors. The human touch should not be undervalued and is unlikely to be there over the smartphone.
Lastly, test results can be difficult to understand. When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there's room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds—and also great worry.
So how does medicine adapt (适应) to the new technology age? Very talented companies are working on it. There is medical equipment (设备) that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine. It seems likely that some companies will find a way to explain test results.
But what it will not achieve is the warmth of human interaction and touch.Patients often need someone to listen to—and care about—their journey story,which will never be realized through a human-less technology. Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let's not allow our humanity to be one of them.
30.According to the passage, how does technology help health care?
A.It encourages doctors to voice their needs on the websites.
B.It offers the patient a convenient way to get a diagnosis.
C.It improves relations between doctors and patients.
D.It provides an opportunity to build a medical team.
31.The word “intuition” in paragraph 5 probably means ___.
A.an ability to understand B.an interesting experience
C.a chance to win D.a fair decision
32.What do you know about techno-health care from the passage?
A.Patient websites require trust from doctors.
B.Talented companies can give medical advice.
C.Flagged results may cause worry for patients.
D.Medical equipment collects patients' stories.
33.The writer probably agrees that ___.
A.technology can deal with unexpected effects
B.telemedicine can take the place of usual health care
C.it is difficult for patients to adapt to the new technology age
D.techno-health care should take humanity into consideration
2019年北京卷
A
Experiencing China
Mike, Canada
I spent three months with my host family(接待家庭)in China. It was a lifetime experience. I was able to experience Chinese living and culture, from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera. I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital. Now I have a better understanding of Chinese culture.
Joanna, Australia
I stayed with my host family for five months. My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm-hearted. With her help, my Chinese has improved a lot. And I have got used to a new culture. My favorite part of the experience was sharing my feelings in China with her.
Bill, America
My host mother is a wonderful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditional Chinese dishes. They are tasty and I like them very much. Just like me, my host parents love to learn about different cultures. They often ask me questions about life in America.
Cindy, Germany
Recently I took part in a program to study Chinese. I lived with a host family in China for six months. My host sister is a really hardworking student. It was amazing to see how she made progress in English. And a close relationship has developed between us.
21.Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital?
A.Mike. B.Joanna.
C.Bill. D.Cindy.
22.How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China?
A.Three months. B.Four months.
C.Five months. D.Six months.
23.Cindy thinks her host sister is ___.
A.a wonderful cook
B.a responsible doctor
C.a warm-hearted teacher
D.a hardworking student
B
Blue Lightning
Sally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.
“Well,”he said. “How about this:you do some research first and then come back to me with a design.”
A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go-kart “Blue Lightning”. Dad looked over her work, thinking. “Well, that' s interesting,” he said. “Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as you' ve designed.”
Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.
After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad.“Well,”she said. “Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive.”
“Oh, do you?”he said. “Please share.”
“When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,”she said. “I think it' s because of the lightning bolt(闪电)shape.”
“Very good!”Dad said.
“So, why didn' t you tell me about that problem in the first place?”Sally asked.
Dad laughed.“Where' s the fun in that?If you give a man a fish, he' ll eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, he' ll eat for a lifetime.”
Sally said,“I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun!”
Dad smiled. “Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.”
That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride.
Finally came the race. Sally wasn' t worried about whether she would win—in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.
24.Sally thought of building a go-kart to ___.
A.practice driving B.enter for a race
C.play with friends D.do some research
25.What did Sally' s dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart?
A.To have a test drive. B.To take a good rest.
C.To give it a cool name. D.To paint it light blue.
26.Sally' s story mainly tells us that ___.
A.winning a race is important
B.fishing brings us a lot of fun
C.driving experience is necessary
D.learning happens during the process
C
Sometimes it seems that time is flying. perhaps it doesn' t need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological(心理学的)processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little.
One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we' re exposed(接触)to new environments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass.
It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar(熟悉的). We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up.
How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions.
Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand(增加)our experience of time.
Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience—to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect.
To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. It' s possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time.
27.According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by ___.
A.going to bed on time B.traveling to new places
C.having dinner as usual D.printing the same materials
28.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information.
B.Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly.
C.We can take in more information by living through our senses.
D.We should build a stronger relationship between time and us.
29.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Slow Down Time B.Only Time Will Tell
C.Race against Time D.Time Will Not Come Twice
D
How Much Can We Afford to Forget?
In 2018, science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access(获得) knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads?
Civilizations(文明) develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural(农业的) Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter?
Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases(偏见), and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.
Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.
In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence,we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being(健康)depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.
We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps they' re not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people.
30.Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases?
A.Because they go off course in testing and scoring.
B.Because we control the training process on them.
C.Because we offer them too much information.
D.Because they overuse the provided answers.
31.The ease of accessing information from the Internet ___.
A.frees us from making efforts to learn new skills
B.prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed
C.misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge
D.separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines
32.The word “collapse” in paragraph 5 probably means “___ ”.
A.a sudden failure B.the basic rule
C.a disappointing start D.the gradual development
33.What is the writer' s main purpose in writing this passage?
A.To question about the standards of information storage.
B.To discuss our problems of communication with machines.
C.To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.
D.To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.
2018年北京卷
A
Roger:
Hi, there! It was my 15th birthday last Saturday. Some of my friends and Alan, my cousin, came to celebrate it with me. Everybody brought a gift. We had a party. We played games, sang songs and had a big birthday cake. It was really a wonderful day! Did you do anything special last week?
Jessica:
Yes. My class were on a school field trip last week. First, we went to the university of North Carolina to learn about the history of basketball team. Many basketball stars were speaking there. Then we talked about how the plane was invented and took many pictures about.
Sara:
Well, I was lucky enough to go to a conference(会议)on charity(慈善)last Wednesday. I was so excited to meet a lot of kind people. One of them was a boy named Richard. He spoke at the conference for the charity work that he had done in the past few years.
Martin:
It was a different week than usual. Last Thursday, my school band(乐队)went to Atlanta to perform in a competition. I played the violin and won a prize! On Friday, we went to the Georgia Aquarium and got to see different kinds of sea life from all over the world. It was really cool!
21.When did Roger have his birthday party?
A.Last Wednesday. B.Last Thursday.
C.Last Friday. D.Last Saturday.
22.Who went on a school field trip last week?
A.Alan. B.Jessica.
C.Sara. D.Richard.
23.Martin went to Atlanta to ___ .
A.speak at a conference
B.organize a party
C.perform in a competition
D.visit a university
B
A Beautiful Moment
When I was in high school, I worked part-time helping Dad sell fruits and vegetables at a market. One day, as I was preparing the fruits, a little boy came by with his mom and sister. He was about eight years old, and the girl, five or six. They were looking at the fruits in front of me. I heard the kids say to their mom(in French),“They' re good!” I knew it was French, because I can speak and understand it.
Then I noticed how the mom was picking the fruits. At first I thought she was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them, but then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out. And she often asked her son if it looked okay, but looked way above where his face was. Putting what I saw together, I was sure she was blind.
Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits. The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt each one and smiled, and the daughter would put them into their basket. The kids were smiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out.
Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before. It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves, instead of helping their mom pick out fruits, as the two kids did.
It was great to witness the moment, but not so great because I didn' t tell the mom how beautiful her children were in their language. This is what I regret to this day.
24.The woman and her kids came to the market to buy ___.
A.fruits B.vegetables
C.candies D.toys
25.According to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldn' t ___.
A.speak B.see C.smell D.hear
26.The writer was moved because ___.
A.the mother was brave to face her problems
B.the kids were polite and kind to each other
C.the mother was careful in picking out things
D.the kids were so willing to help their mother
C
Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated(关联) with beneficial effects on cognitive function (认知功能). This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for global Health.
The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain. Lifelong exposure(接触) to green space in the living places was recorded—using the information on the children' s addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中)were graded with computers.
“This is the first study that shows the association between long-term exposure to green space and brain structure,” says Dr. Payam Dadvand, the leading researcher of the study. “Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.”
The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.
Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in schools with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.
Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.
Dr. Dadvand' s study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green space on cognitive development. It also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.
Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations, settings and climates. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.
27.The second paragraph is mainly about ___.
A.how the study was performed
B.what was recorded in the study
C.how long the study lasted
D.who took part in the study
28.The word “prompt” in Paragraph 6 probably means “___ ”.
A.control B.encourage
C.balance D.change
29.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.
B.Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.
C.Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations out of Spain.
D.Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.
D
We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power. However, there' s always something staring at us right under our nose but we don' t see it. The only time we think of unlocking our self-improvement power is when everything gets worst.
When do we realize that we need to change diets? When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates? When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking? When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.
The only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self-improvement power is when the whole world is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more painful when we ignore(忽视) it.
Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another, we are all going to finally unlock our self-improvement power not because the world says so, but because we realize it' s for our own good.
Happy people don' t just accept change; they embrace (拥抱)it. Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.
Jane always tells everyone that she doesn' t have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come, she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!
Self-improvement may not be everybody' s favorite word, but if we look at things in a different way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in a week at the gym would result in a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that we' re beginning to take things light and become happy.
30.The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that ___.
A.we learn our lessons when we experience pain
B.we are responsible for the problems we meet
C.life fails us when we get into the wrong way
D.life is a long journey full of ups and downs
31.What is the key to solving Jane' s problem?
A.She needs to remember why she started.
B.She has to know how to get on with people.
C.She has to realize she is not what she is in her story.
D.She needs to understand the importance of confidence.
32.The writer probably agrees that ___.
A.the world tells us how to improve ourselves
B.people change when they find it easy to do that
C.welcoming change in life is a drive to become better
D.enjoying the process of self-improvement makes life simpler
33.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Is it important to take things light?
B.Is it necessary to embrace challenges?
C.To hold on to the last moment or to give up?
D.To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?
2017年北京卷
A
Summer Programs at Museums
The Postal Museum
Date: July 17—23
Age: 8—11
Would you like to join us this summer vacation? You can create a stamp with your own design, write and mail a postcard, and learn about the history of stamps.
Tel: 965-0400
The Air and Space Museum
Date: July 29—30
Age: 8—11
If you enjoy programs about air and space, please come here. It's a good place to make and fly your own paper spaceship, watch an IMAX movie, and climb into a real airplane.
Tel: 654-0930
The science Museum
Date: August 7—20
Age: 9—12
You can experience video arts and computer technology, play VR games to explore (探索) a future city, and ask the robots questions about science. It will be wonderful! Have fun!
Tel: 357-3030
The Building Museum
Date: August 21—27
Age: 13—15
Want to enjoy design challenges? Come and join us. You can also go on field trips to some famous buildings, and build small houses with soft blocks. All the programs are free.
Tel: 272-0560
41.You can join in the programs at the Postal Museum any day .
A.from July 17 to 23 B.from July 29 to 30
C.from August 7 to 20 D.from August 21 to 27
42.If you are interested in the program about video arts, you can phone .
A.965-0400 B.654-0930 C.357-3030 D.272-0560
43.A 15-year-old student can take part in the programs at .
A.the Building Museum B.the Postal Museum
C.the Air and Space Museum D.the Science Museum
44.In the Air and Space Museum, you can .
A.create a stamp B.build a house
C.make a paper airplane D.explore a future city
B
The Sixth Time I Went to the Principal' s Office
When I was in the seventh grade, I had problems behaving. My heart was in the right place, but I couldn' t always follow the rules. I played many tricks on my schoolmates. Once, I even pulled a girl' s hair on the school bus to get her attention. As a result, I was repeatedly sent to the office of the principal(校长). Although I hated going there, I did not hate the principal, Mr. Ratcliff.
Mr. Ratcliff was a kind, elderly man. When he spanked(打屁股)me for putting some ants into a classmate' s pencil box, it didn' t hurt at all, but it did hurt my feelings. I thought so much of him and moments like that seemed to prove I was hopelessly bad.
When I got called to Mr. Ratcliff' s office for the sixth time, I had no idea what I had done. I felt disappointed as I walked down there. I went into his office, sat down, and looked at the floor. Then he said the last thing I expected to hear:“Kevin, I' ve heard you' ve been behaving really well lately. I want you to know how proud I am of you, and I just called you down to my office to give you a peppermint.”
“Really?”I was surprised.
“Yes. Now you can take that peppermint and go back to class.”
I carried the peppermint with me as if it was a gold coin. When I got into my classroom, I bragged(吹嘘)to my classmates about my turnaround, excitedly. I wasn' t so bad after all.
Mr. Ratcliff was really kind. He made me realize that I was just a kid who had problems with behavior. He bought some peppermints and took the time to notice me when I got something—anything—right. Mr. Ratcliff gave me some hope by giving me some love. I will just remember him for the rest of my life.
45.In his seventh grade, the writer ___ .
A.hated the principal B.had problems behaving
C.always followed the rules D.often helped his classmates
46.How did the writer feel when he went to the principal' s office for the sixth time?
A.Lonely. B.Excited. C.Confident. D.Disappointed.
47.The sixth time the writer went to the principal' s office, he got ___ .
A.a peppermint B.a model bus C.a pencil box D.a coin
48.The writer will always remember Mr. Ratcliff, because the principal ___ .
A.talked with him in the office B.played games with him
C.expected him to be a teacher D.gave him some hope and love
C
Buying Is Doing?
How important is shopping to you? How much time do you spend buying things? And how much time do you spend organizing these things in your home? In the future, how much time will you spend in movie theaters, at amusement parks, at shopping malls, or at convenience stores? When you add it all up, you will probably see you spend a lot of your life consuming(消费)things. Consuming products is not necessarily bad. However, if we spend too much time doing it, we should look at it carefully.
Imagine that you have a week off from school. You don' t have to go to class. However, in this week, you cannot spend any money—no shopping, no movies, no eating out. How would you spend your time? What things would bring you happiness? perhaps you would take a walk with your best friend. Perhaps you would help a child read. Or you might spend time with your family.
When we look back, it is likely that non-consuming experiences like these will be our most important memories. Why? Non-consuming activities are active, not passive. They don' t come in a package. You make the experience yourself. For example, each person who reads to a child will have a different experience. The experience changes with the reader, the child, and the book. Similarly, when you have a conversation with a friend, you are actively creating an experience. The conversation that you have with your friend cannot be experienced or recreated by anyone else. However, if you watch a movie with a friend, you will each have a packaged experience. It requires no action and little interaction between the two of you.
The environment we live in encourages us to have packaged experiences. We feel that we must consume because we believe that buying is doing. However, we can start a personal revolution(变革)against consumerism. How? By consuming less. We can ask ourselves what experiences bring us the greatest satisfaction. Then we can organize our lives so that we have more of those kinds of experiences.
49.If consuming products takes too much time, we should ___.
A.spend less money B.think about it carefully
C.organize our things D.go to convenience stores
50.According to the passage, the writer believes that ___ .
A.we can say no to consumerism by consuming less
B.buying things can bring us the greatest satisfaction
C.the environment seldom influences our shopping choices
D.consuming experiences will be our most important memories
51.What is the writer' s main purpose in writing this passage?
A.To introduce some ways of enjoying our spare time.
B.To encourage people to have more active experiences.
C.To explain reasons behind people' s shopping behavior.
D.To share his personal experience in consuming products.
D
Say you' re sitting around with some friends playing video games and someone mentions a game that happens to be one of your favorites. “Oh, that game' s easy. So not worth the time,”one of your friends says. The others agree. Although you enjoy the game quite a lot, not wanting to argue with them, you go along with the crowd.
You have just experienced what is commonly referred to as peer pressure(同伴压力), also called peer influence. You will adopt a certain type of behavior, dress, or attitude in order to be accepted as part of a group of your “peers”. As a teen, you are likely to have experienced the effect of peer pressure in a number of different areas.
We are all influenced by our peers at any age. For teens, as school and other activities take you away from home, you may spend more time with your friends than with your family. As you become more independent, your peers naturally play a greater role in your life.
According to Dr. Casey from Cornell University, teens are very quick and accurate in making decisions on their own and in situations where they have time to think. However, when they make decisions in the heat of the moment or in social situations, their decisions are often influenced by factors like peers. In a recent study, teen volunteers played a video driving game, either alone or with friends watching. The researchers discovered that the number of risks teens took more than doubled when their friends were watching, compared with when they played alone. This shows that teens may find it more difficult to control risky behavior when their friends are around, or in situations where they are extremely angry.
Just as people can influence us to make unwise choices, they can also influence us to make good ones. A teen might join in a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important. In fact, friends often encourage each other to study, or try out for sports.
While we are always influenced by those around us, the decision to act or not is up to us. So when it comes to decision making, the choice is up to you.
52.According to the passage, Dr. Casey probably agrees that teens ___.
A.like to play driving games with their friends
B.prefer situations where they have time to think
C.may take more risks when their friends are around
D.are slow in making decisions when they are on their own
53.The words“in the heat of the moment”in paragraph 4 probably mean“___”.
A.when teens avoid possible risks
B.when teens trust their judgment
C.when teens lose control over their anger
D.when teens give consideration to situations
54.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Teens are eager to be different from their peers.
B.Peer pressure has effects on both teens and adults.
C.Peer pressure does more harm than good to teens.
D.Teens think it challenging to get good grades at school.
55.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Peer Pressure:Is It necessary to Deal with It?
B.Peer Pressure:Is It Possible to Get Away from It?
C.Peer Pressure:Its Benefits to Teens and Friend Making
D.Peer Pressure:Its Influence on Teens and Decision Making
答案解析：
2020年北京卷
A
21. 细节理解题，根据“Matt”发布的帖子中“I created Teens Helping SSeniors with my friends.”可知，是Matt创建了“Teens Helping Seniors”这个组织，所以答案选D。
22. 细节理解题，由“Linda”发布的帖子中“Now there are 50 local seniors in the weekly technology classes.”可知，每周技术课上有50名当地老年人，答案选A。
23. 细节理解题，从“Kathy”发布的帖子“so my friends and I decided to cheer up the elderly by writing them letters.”可知，Kathy和她的同学们通过给养老院的老年人写信来让他们振作起来，答案选C。
B
24. 细节理解题，根据文中“But when she got to the new school, she felt very lonely.”可知，Emma到新学校时感到很孤独，所以答案选A。
25. 细节理解题，由文中“After the presentation, a keeper showed them how to hold the bottle of milk for baby squirrels. Then the girls started to feed their own baby squirrels.”可知，在自然中心，Emma和Julia帮忙喂了小松鼠，答案选B。
26. 推理判断题，从文中“The keeper nodded in agreement and asked Emma, ‘Would you be interested in volunteering to help out with the animals at the center?’ ‘Interested? I would love to work here! What an opportunity!’ Emma was excited.”以及“That afternoon, in the bus on the way back to school, Emma sat next to Julia, her new friend.”可以推断出，Emma在回学校的路上很高兴是因为她找到了一个可以照顾动物的地方并且交到了一个新朋友，答案选C。
C
27. 细节理解题，根据文中“Shreya has recently started following her mother around the kitchen, taking notes on how to make her ‘masala chai’ and tasty kachoris.”可知，Shreya跟着妈妈在厨房转是为了记下菜谱，答案选B。
28. 推理判断题，由文中“Actually, there are simple ways to keep family recipes. Scrapbooks (剪贴簿) are easily found in the market. You can even add photos to record every detail of your memories about the recipe. With the help of some popular apps like Story Scans, recording family recipes has never been easier.”可知，记录菜谱的方法可以很简单，答案选A。
29. 主旨大意题，文章主要讲述了家庭菜谱不仅仅是菜谱，它还承载着家庭历史、情感等，是家庭传统的一部分，能让后代加强家庭联系。D选项“Family Recipes Are More than Just Recipes”(家庭菜谱不仅仅是菜谱)最能概括文章主旨，答案选D。
D
30. 细节理解题，根据文中“Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis (诊断) and instructions without leaving home.”可知，技术为病人提供了便捷的获取诊断的方式，答案选B。
31. 词义猜测题，结合前文“A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist (接待员), who can see and tell how a patient is doing.”以及后文提到病人网站不太可能有这样的能力，可推测“intuition”指的是一种理解的能力，答案选A。
32. 细节理解题，由文中“When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there's room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds—and also great worry.”可知，有标记的结果可能会给病人带来担忧，答案选C。
33. 推理判断题，根据文中“Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let's not allow our humanity to be one of them.”可推断出，作者认为科技医疗应该考虑到人性方面，答案选D。
2019年北京卷
A
21. A根据Mike的描述“I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital.”可知，是Mike参观了一家著名的中医医院，所以选A。
22. C由Joanna所说“I stayed with my host family for five months.”可知，Joanna和她的寄宿家庭在中国待了五个月，答案选C。
23. D从Cindy的表述“My host sister is a really hardworking student.”能够看出，Cindy认为她的寄宿姐姐是一个非常勤奋的学生，因此选D。
B
24. B根据文中“This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race.”可知，Sally想制作一辆卡丁车是为了参加比赛，所以选B。
25. A由“Dad asked her to take it for a test drive.”可知，Sally的爸爸让她去试驾卡丁车，答案选A。
26. D从爸爸说的“Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.”以及Sally的经历可知，这个故事主要告诉我们学习是在过程中发生的，选D。
C
27. B根据文中“Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills.”可知，接触新环境和新体验能增加大脑处理的信息量，从而延长对时间的感知，去新地方旅行属于接触新环境，所以选B。
28. C由“This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect.”可知，通过感官去体验生活能帮助我们吸收更多信息，所以C正确。A选项，熟悉周围世界会使我们处理的信息变少，时间感觉变快，该项错误;B选项，理解心理时间规律能让我们放慢时间，该项错误;D选项，文中未提及要建立与时间的更强关系，该项错误。
29. A文章主要围绕如何放慢时间展开，介绍了心理时间规律以及放慢时间的建议，A选项“Slow Down Time”符合主旨，所以选A。
D
30. B根据文中“Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.”可知，人类控制着智能机器的训练过程，所以智能机器可能会增加我们的偏见，选B。
31. C由“This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.”可知，从互联网上轻松获取信息会误导我们认为自己已经知道这些知识，选C。
32. A根据“such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold.”可知，食物和能源网络等的崩溃会产生可怕后果，所以“collapse”意思是“突然的失败”，选A。
33. D文章主要讨论了依赖机器记忆带来的问题，如增加偏见、误导认知以及网络崩溃的风险等，目的是提醒我们依赖机器记忆的风险，选D。
2018年北京卷
A
21. D根据Roger信件中“It was my 15th birthday last Saturday.”可知，Roger上周六举办了生日派对，所以答案选D。
22. B由Jessica信件里“My class were on a school field trip last week.”可知，是Jessica上周参加了学校实地考察活动，答案为B。
23. C从Martin信件中“Last Thursday, my school band(乐队)went to Atlanta to perform in a competition.”能够明确，Martin去亚特兰大是为了参加比赛表演，答案选C。
B
24. A根据文中“They were looking at the fruits in front of me.”以及后文孩子们帮妈妈挑选水果等内容可知，女人和孩子来市场是买水果的，选A。
25. B由文中“Putting what I saw together, I was sure she was blind.”可知，作者根据所看到的确定这位母亲看不见，选B。
26. D从文中“Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before. It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help.”可知，作者被感动是因为孩子们如此乐意帮助他们的妈妈，选D。
C
27. A第二段详细阐述了研究是如何开展的，包括研究的对象(253名西班牙学童)、记录的内容(居住地一生对绿地的接触情况)、研究大脑结构的方法(使用三维磁共振成像)以及评估工作记忆和注意力不集中的方式(用电脑打分)，所以该段主要是关于研究如何进行的，选A。
28. B根据第六段“Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking.”可知，在更绿的区域玩耍给孩子们提供了探索和学习的机会，绿地被认为能促使孩子们进行发现、创造力和冒险方面的重要活动，由此可推断“prompt”意思是“促使，鼓励”，与“encourage”意思相近，选B。
29. D文章第一段提到在周围有更多绿地家庭中长大的小学生，大脑某些区域的白质和灰质体积可能更大，这些差异与对认知功能的有益影响相关联;后文又提到接触自然对儿童大脑发育是必要的，在绿地更多的学校里的孩子工作记忆增加更多、注意力更不集中情况减少更多等，这些都表明生活在绿化更多的社区对儿童大脑发育有益，选D。A选项因果颠倒;B选项文中未强调改变环境的重要性;C选项文中未提及对西班牙以外人群的研究。
D
30. A第二段中作者提出的三个问题，都是在身体出现严重问题(衣服不合身、牙齿掉光、肺部变坏)时才意识到需要改变，这表明我们在经历痛苦时才会吸取教训，意识到需要做出改变，所以选A。
31. C文中提到Jane一直认为自己没有勇气待在人群中，并且多年来都相信这一点，还按照这个“故事”生活。要解决她的问题，关键在于她要意识到自己并非像她故事中所描述的那样，不能被自己的固有想法束缚，所以选C。
32. C文章强调快乐的人不只是接受改变，而是拥抱改变，解锁自我提升的力量意味着跳出固有思维的束缚，并且当我们享受解锁自我提升力量的整个过程时，我们会开始变得轻松和快乐，这说明在生活中欢迎改变是变得更好的动力，所以作者可能同意C选项。
33. D文章主要论述了我们要解锁自我提升的力量，不能被固有思维限制，要跳出自我设定的“框框”。D选项“To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?”(是把我们从框框中解放出来还是待在里面?)符合文章主旨，所以选D。
2018年北京卷
A
41. A 题目询问可以在哪段时间参加邮政博物馆的项目。根据“The Postal Museum”部分中的“Date: July 17—23”可知，邮政博物馆项目的时间是7月17日至23日，所以答案是A。
42. C 题目提到如果对视频艺术项目感兴趣，应该拨打哪个电话。由“The Science Museum”部分中“You can experience video arts and computer technology...”以及对应的电话“Tel: 357-3030”可知，对视频艺术项目感兴趣应拨打357 - 3030，答案是C。
43. A 题目问一名15岁的学生可以参加哪个博物馆的项目。根据各博物馆的年龄限制，“The Building Museum”的年龄要求是“Age: 13—15”，符合15岁学生参加，所以答案是A。
44. C 题目询问在航空航天博物馆可以做什么。从“The Air and Space Museum”部分中“It's a good place to make and fly your own paper spaceship...”可知，在航空航天博物馆可以制作并放飞自己的纸制宇宙飞船，也就是可以制作纸飞机(paper airplane，这里paper spaceship意思相近)，答案是C。
B
45. B 根据文章首句“When I was in the seventh grade, I had problems behaving.”可知，作者在七年级时在行为表现上有问题，B选项正确。A选项与原文“Although I hated going there, I did not hate the principal”不符;C选项与“I couldn't always follow the rules”矛盾;D选项文中未提及经常帮助同学。
46. D 由文中“When I got called to Mr. Ratcliff's office for the sixth time, I had no idea what I had done. I felt disappointed as I walked down there.”可知，作者第六次被叫到校长办公室时感到失望，D选项正确。
47. A 从“Yes. Now you can take that peppermint and go back to class.”能明确，作者第六次去校长办公室得到了一块薄荷糖，A选项正确。
48. D 依据“Mr. Ratcliff gave me some hope by giving me some love. I will just remember him for the rest of my life.”可知，作者会永远记住校长是因为校长给了他希望和爱，D选项正确。
C
49. B 根据第一段“Consuming products is not necessarily bad. However, if we spend too much time doing it, we should look at it carefully.”可知，如果消费产品占用太多时间，我们应该仔细考虑这件事，B选项正确。A选项“花更少的钱”不是直接针对占用时间过多这一问题的应对措施;C选项“整理我们的物品”与题意无关;D选项“去便利店”不符合文意。
50. A 由最后一段“However, we can start a personal revolution(变革)against consumerism. How? By consuming less.”可知，作者认为我们可以通过减少消费来对消费主义说不，A选项正确。B选项“买东西能给我们带来最大的满足”与文中鼓励减少消费不符;C选项“环境很少影响我们的购物选择”与原文“The environment we live in encourages us to have packaged experiences.”矛盾;D选项“消费经历将成为我们最重要的记忆”与原文“non - consuming experiences like these will be our most important memories”不符。
51. B 文章通过对比消费性活动和非消费性活动，强调非消费性活动(积极体验)的独特性和重要性，鼓励人们减少消费，拥有更多积极的体验，B选项正确。A选项“介绍享受业余时间的一些方法”不是文章主要目的;C选项“解释人们购物行为背后的原因”只是文章部分内容;D选项“分享他个人在消费产品方面的经历”不是写作的主要意图。
D
52. C 根据第四段“The researchers discovered that the number of risks teens took more than doubled when their friends were watching, compared with when they played alone.”可知，研究发现当有朋友在场时，青少年冒险的次数会比独自玩耍时增加一倍以上，这表明当朋友在身边时，青少年可能会更冒险，C选项正确。A选项“喜欢和朋友玩驾驶游戏”不是Dr. Casey观点的重点;B选项“更喜欢有时间思考的情况”与原文不符;D选项“独自做决定时缓慢”与“teens are very quick and accurate in making decisions on their own”矛盾。
53. C 根据“in the heat of the moment”所在句及后文“or in situations where they are extremely angry”可知，这里指的是在情绪激动(如极度愤怒)的情况下，青少年做决定会受到同伴等因素的影响，C选项“当青少年无法控制自己的愤怒时”符合语境。
54. B 由第三段“We are all influenced by our peers at any age. For teens...”可知，同伴压力对青少年和成年人都有影响，B选项正确。A选项“青少年渴望与同龄人不同”与原文“you will adopt a certain type of behavior, dress, or attitude in order to be accepted as part of a group of your ‘peers’”不符;C选项“同伴压力对青少年弊大于利”不准确，文中提到了同伴压力也有积极影响;D选项“青少年认为在学校取得好成绩有挑战性”不是文章主要传达的内容。
55. D 文章主要讲述了同伴压力对青少年的影响，以及在同伴压力下青少年做决定的情况，D选项“同伴压力：对青少年的影响和做决定”最能概括文章主旨。A选项“同伴压力：有必要处理它吗”不是文章重点;B选项“同伴压力：有可能摆脱它吗”不符合文意;C选项“同伴压力：对青少年和交友的好处”不全面，文章既提到了好处也提到了其他方面的影响。
