Researchers, writing in the journal Heart, pooled data from 23 studies and found that social isolation or feelings of loneliness were tied to an increased risk of coronary heart disease (冠心病)and strokes.
The studies included data from 181,006 men and women ages 18 and over. There were 4,628 coronary events and 3,002 strokesinfollow-up periods_26from three to 21 years. Three of the papers27 loneliness,18 looked at social isolation and two included both. Social isolation and loneliness were determined with questionnaires;therescarchers depended on medical records and death28 for determining coronary events and strokes.
The scientists found that loneliness and social isolation increased the29risk of having a heart attack or a death from heart discase by 29 percent, and the risk of stroke by 32 percent. There were no30_between men and women.
People have tended to focus froma policy point of view on31lonely people to make them more32 ,”said the lead author, Nicole K.Valtorta, a research fellow at the university of York in England.“Our study33 that if this is a risk factor, then we should be trying to prevent the risk factor in the first place.”
The authors_34_ that this was a review of observational studies and did not 35 cause and effect
A) acknowledge I) narrow
B) certificates J) permanent
C) connected K)produces
D) demonstrates L) ranging
E) differences M) relative
F) establish N) submitting
G) formats O)targeting
H) measured
答案解析：
根据“in follow-up periods _26 from three to 21 years”，可知此处表达的是随访时间范围从3年到21年，“range from...to...”表示“范围从……到……”，这里用现在分词形式作后置定语修饰periods，所以选L。
根据“Three of the papers 27 loneliness”，结合语境可知这里说的是三篇论文测量了孤独感，“measure”有“测量”之意，所以选H。
根据“the researchers depended on medical records and death 28 for determining...”，可知研究人员依靠医疗记录和死亡记录来确定冠心病和中风情况，“death certificates”表示“死亡证明”，所以选B。
根据“increased the 29 risk”，可知这里说的是增加了相对风险，“relative”表示“相对的”，所以选M。
根据“There were no 30 between men and women.”，结合前文研究结果，可知这里说的是男女之间没有差异，“difference”表示“差异”，所以选E。
根据“focus from a policy point of view on 31 lonely people”，可知从政策角度来看，关注的是针对孤独人群采取措施，“target”有“把……作为目标;针对”之意，所以选O。
根据“make them more 32”，可知这里是指是让他们更不...，联系上下文，这里应该填入一个与孤独相反的词，所以选C(connected 相关的，关联的)。
根据“Our study 33 that if this is a risk factor...”，可知研究展示了如果这是一个风险因素的情况，“demonstrate”表示“展示;证明”，所以选D。
根据“The authors 34 that this was a review of observational studies”，可知作者承认这是一项观察性研究的综述，“acknowledge”表示“承认”，所以选A。
根据“did not 35 cause and effect”，可知没有确定因果关系，“establish”表示“确定;建立”，所以选F。
