Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Academic dishonesty is nothing new. As long as there have been homework assignments and tests, there have been cheaters. The way that cheating looks has changed over time, though, particularly now that technology has made it easier than ever. A study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics interviewed 23,000 high school students and asked them a variety of questions about academic ethics. Of the teens surveyed, 51 percent said that they had knowingly cheated at some point on an exam but that they did not feel uneasy about the behaviour. A common Sense media survey found that 35 percent of students had cheated via smartphone, though the parents surveyed in that particular study did not believe their kids had ever cheated. In many cases, students did not realize that strategies like looking up answers on a smartphone were actually cheating at all.
In today's classrooms, students who cheat are rarely caught. There are no formulas written on the insides of hands or students looking across the aisle, or whispering answers to their classmates. Today’s students use smartphones, tablets or even in-class computers to aid their cheating attempts and leave no trace of their crimes. Since cheating through technology is not listed specifically as being against the rules in many school policies students do not view the actions unethical.
The technology is being adopted so quickly that school districts cannot adequately keep up with cheating policies, or even awareness campaigns that alert students to the problem with using technology to find answers in a certain way. From a young age, students learn that answers exist conveniently at their fingertips through search engines and expert websites.
Schools must develop anti-cheating policies that include technology and these policies must be updated consistently. Teachers must stay on guard when it comes to what their students are doing in classrooms and how technology could be playing a negative role in the learning process. Parents must also talk to their kids about the appropriate ways to find academic answers and alert them to unethical behaviours that may seem innocent in their own eyes.
46. What do we learn from the study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics?
A) Over half of the students interviewed were unaware they were cheating.
B) Cheating was becoming a way of life for a majority of high school teens.
C) More than half of the interviewees felt no sense of guilt over cheating.
D) Cheating was getting more and more difficult for high school students.
47.What did the Common Sense Media survey reveal?
A) Most parents tended to overprotect their children.
B) Many students committed cheating unknowingly.
C) Students were in urgent need of ethical education.
D) Parents and kids had conflicting ideas over cheating.
48. Why do students rarely get caught cheating nowadays?
A) They copy formulas on their palms.
B) They help each other to cover up their acts.
C) They keep changing their ways of cheating.
D) They make use of modern technology.
49.What does the author think schools should do to tackle cheating?
A) bring policies against cheating up to date.
B) Reform their exam methods constantly.
C)Take advantage of the latest technologies.
D) Alert parents to their children's behaviour.
50.What does the author suggest teachers do in the classroom?
A) prevent students from overusing electronic devices.
B) Develop more effective anti-cheating strategies.
C) Find more ways to curb students’ unethical acts.
D) Guard against students' misuse of technology.
答案解析：
46. C由题干中的 the study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics 定位到文章第一段第三句。该句提到 51 percent said that they had knowingly cheated at some point on an exam but that they did not feel uneasy about the behaviour ，提到51%的受访学生承认自己有过作弊行为，并且对此行为不感到不安。所以选 C。
47. B由题干中的 the Common Sense Media survey 定位到文章第一段倒数第一句和第二句。这里提到，提到有35%的学生承认用智能手机作弊，而受访的家长却不相信自己的孩子会作弊，且学生丝毫没有意识到用手机查找答案是作弊，这表明许多学生在不知不觉中作弊。所以选 D。
48. D由题干中的 students rarely get caught cheating nowadays 定位到文章第二段。该段提到 Today’s students use smartphones, tablets or even in-class computers to aid their cheating attempts and leave no trace of their crimes ，提到如今的学生使用智能手机、平板电脑等现代科技手段作弊，并且不留痕迹。所以选 D。
49. A由题干中的 schools should do to tackle cheating 定位到文章第四段第一句。该句提到 Schools must develop anti-cheating policies that include technology and these policies must be updated consistently ，提到学校必须制定包含技术因素的反作弊政策，并且必须持续更新这些政策。所以选 A。
50. D由题干中的 suggest teachers do in the classroom 定位到文章第四段第二句。该句提到 Teachers must stay on guard when it comes to what their students are doing in classrooms and how technology could be playing a negative role in the learning process ，提到老师必须警惕学生在课堂上的行为以及技术可能在学习过程中扮演的负面角色，即要防范学生对技术的滥用。所以选 D。
