Section B
Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How a rabbit study and an ex-student boost my hopes for a future of ‘love and dignity’
[A] At whatever grade level teachers find themselves, from kindergarten to the final class at medical or law school, few moments stir the emotions as deeply as when former students reappear years and often decades later with an update on where their journey has taken them and what resiliencies (韧性) have been the pavement on which they've traveled.
[B] So it was when a recent letter came from Kelli Harding, a student 21 years ago in my Peace Studies summer course in Washington. The weekly tuition-free class, in a roomy space that Ralph Nader and his Public Citizen nonprofit group provided, was discussion-based and required no useless homework or exams. Just come in and figure out how to increase peace and decrease violence. And do it today, tomorrow is too late. The course attracted mostly congressional interns (实习生),with a few exceptions like Kelli who was in Washington as an AmeriCorps volunteer.
[C]Her year-long service included comforting AIDs patients at a free health clinic and delivering meals to the homebound. It was a world apart from her undergraduate days at the university of California-Berkeley majoring in political science. The Washington experience, which Kelli would later call “transformative,” was the fuel that carried her into medicine to earn a master's degree in public health from Columbia University and a medical degree from the University of Rochester, and almost two decades of practice as ar emergency-room psychiatrist(精神科医生)at New York-PresbyterianHospital and a clinical professor of psychiatry at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.
[D] Kelli's letter, a literate update on both her personal and professional life, touched my heart, and especially so when saying that two decades later she still has the course text, “Solutions to Violence,” and that “it remains one of my favorite possessions. She lives in Lower Manhattan with her husband, Padraic, whom she met on a flight to London, and their three boys.
[E] If Kelli stands out, it's because she is also a gifted writer. Last month, Atria Books published her book The Rabbit Effect: Live Longer Happier, and Healthier with the Groundbreaking science of Kindness.
[F] With a blending of free-flowing confessional prose and scholarly research found in 461 notes, Kelli met my expectations that her ideas and ideals would be sound and singular.“Despite our scientific progress, she writes, “Americans are remarkably unhealthy. In 2016,the United States ranked forty-third in the world for life expectancy....It is also by far the world’s most expensive place to get sick.”
[G] enter the rabbits-not those running around in our woodlands but ones serving in two month-long medical experiments to test the effects of eating a high-fat diet and the connections between cholesterol and heart disease. With similar diets, the expectations were that all the rabbits would have similar cloggings of their arteries (动脉堵塞).Yet one group had 60% fewer of them.
[H]The reason? instead of receiving the standard care given to lab animals, the 60% group was watched over by a newcomer to the lab who, Kelli writes, “handled the animals differently. When she fed her rabbits she talked to them and petted them. She didn't just pass out food, she gave them love.... The studies indicate something is missing in the traditional biomedical model. It wasn't diet or genetics that made a difference in which rabbits got sick and which stayed healthy. It was kindness.
[I] Amid the political noise about Obamacare, Medicare, Medicaid, health insurance and thieving pharmaceutical (医药的) companies, Kelli Harding stands apart from the crowd calling for quick fixes, the simpler the better. She has walked too many miles in the halls of hospitals visiting too many far-gone patients and seeing too many medical mistakes to go along with conventional thinking.
[J]“The rabbit effect,” she explains, means that “when it comes to our health, we've been missing some crucial pieces: hidden factors behind what really makes us healthy. Factors like love, friendship, and dignity. The designs of our neighborhoods, schools, and workplaces. There's a social dimension to health that we've completely overlooked in our efforts to find the best and most cutting-edge medic care.... ltimately, what affects our health in the most meaningful ways has more to do with how we treat one another, how we live, and how we think about what it means to be human than with anything that happens in the doctor's office.
[K] In more than a few passages, she relates the stories of men and women who came up against assembly-line medicine where patients were treated mostly as pieces of flesh. “Clinically, she writes “it's common to see two patients with the same condition, such as recovering from a heart attack, have two very different courses based on seemingly irrelevant factors such as their family relationships or their educational levels. In my practice, the sickest people I see often share similar backgrounds: loneliness, abuse, poverty, or discrimination. For them, the medical model isn't enough. It's like fixing up airplane engine and ignoring that the pilot is on his third drink at the bar and a massive storm is overhead.... To properly care for patients, we also need to care about the lives of the people getting the care.
[L] Kelli wastes no time taking potshots at (随意批评)the medical establishment and its body-centered biomedicine methods. Instead, she remains positive, holding up for praise one of her medical schoc professors, George Engel, “who always noticed not just a patient's physical condition but little details about her life, such as if she had family pictures up in her hospital room or flowers delivered. He was the kind of trusted doctor you'd feel relieved to see and welcome into the room with a sick family member. He'd sit down to talk with the patient not just about medical problems, but about her life and priorities. He built a large consultation service to address the holistic (整体的) needs of hospitalized patients, including psychological and social factors.”
[M] It’s a guess how many George Engels in their white jackets are at work these days and another speculation on the number of Kelli Hardings the nation is blessed with. May the totals be large and getting larger.
36.Kelli Harding also distinguishes herself by her literary talent.
37.Kelli Harding doesn't think America's medical model is sufficient for patients who need help most.
38.Kelli Harding differs from those seeking quick and simple solutions to America's medical problems.
39.Kelli Harding was a participant in a summer course the author taught.
40.According to Kelli Harding,scientific advances have not made Americans healthier, nor prolonged their life.
41. The author was deeply moved by what Kelli Harding wrote about her current life.
42.George Engel, in treating his patients, not only looks into their symptoms but also into things like the emotional support they receive.
43. according to Kelli Harding, rabbits' health had more to do with humans' kindness to them than their diet or genetics.
44. What Kelli Harding went through in Washington changed her life.
45. A social aspect to health has not been taken into account in trying to provide the best medical care.
答案解析：
36. 由题干“Kelli Harding also distinguishes herself by her literary talent.”定位到[E]段，该段提到“If Kelli stands out, it's because she is also a gifted writer.”，表明Kelli因其文学天赋而脱颖而出，所以选[E]。
37. 由题干“Kelli Harding doesn't think America's medical model is sufficient for patients who need help most.”定位到[K]段，其中提到“For them, the medical model isn't enough.”，说明对于那些最需要帮助的病人，美国的医疗模式是不够的，所以选[K]。
38. 由题干“Kelli Harding differs from those seeking quick and simple solutions to America's medical problems.”定位到[I]段，该段指出“Kelli Harding stands apart from the crowd calling for quick fixes, the simpler the better.”，说明Kelli与那些寻求快速简单解决方案的人不同，所以选[I]。
39. 由题干“Kelli Harding was a participant in a summer course the author taught.”定位到[B]段，文中提到“So it was when a recent letter came from Kelli Harding, a student 21 years ago in my Peace Studies summer course in Washington.”，表明Kelli是作者在华盛顿教授的和平研究暑期课程的学生，所以选[B]。
40. 由题干“According to Kelli Harding, scientific advances have not made Americans healthier, nor prolonged their life.”定位到[F]段，该段提到“Despite our scientific progress, she writes, ‘Americans are remarkably unhealthy. In 2016, the United States ranked forty-third in the world for life expectancy...’”，说明科学进步并没有让美国人更健康，也没有延长他们的寿命，所以选[F]。
41. 由题干“The author was deeply moved by what Kelli Harding wrote about her current life.”定位到[D]段，文中提到“Kelli's letter, a literate update on both her personal and professional life, touched my heart...”，表明作者被Kelli关于她现在生活的描述深深打动，所以选[D]。
42. 由题干“George Engel, in treating his patients, not only looks into their symptoms but also into things like the emotional support they receive.”定位到[L]段，该段提到“who always noticed not just a patient's physical condition but little details about her life, such as if she had family pictures up in her hospital room or flowers delivered.”，说明George Engel在治疗病人时，不仅关注他们的身体状况，还关注他们生活中的细节，如情感支持等，所以选[L]。
43. 由题干“According to Kelli Harding, rabbits' health had more to do with humans' kindness to them than their diet or genetics.”定位到[H]段，文中提到“It wasn't diet or genetics that made a difference in which rabbits got sick and which stayed healthy. It was kindness.”，说明兔子的健康与人类对它们的善意比与饮食或遗传更有关，所以选[H]。
44. 由题干“What Kelli Harding went through in Washington changed her life.”定位到[C]段，该段提到“The Washington experience, which Kelli would later call ‘transformative,’ was the fuel that carried her into medicine...”，说明Kelli在华盛顿的经历改变了她的生活，所以选[C]。
45. 由题干“A social aspect to health has not been taken into account in trying to provide the best medical care.”定位到[J]段，文中提到“There's a social dimension to health that we've completely overlooked in our efforts to find the best and most cutting-edge medic care...”，说明在努力提供最好的医疗保健时，健康的社会方面没有被考虑在内，所以选[J]。
