Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime’s knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity?
The answer is no, because brains are more sophisticated than that. instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form.
Previous behavioural studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. But in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.
In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identificatipn number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering.
And most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference.
When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate (合并)it within existing information by forming associations. And when we retrieve (检索) information, both the desired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled.,
The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.
A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome.
In a sense, forgetting is our brain’s way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval. normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn’t become too full.
51. What have past behavioural studies found about our brain?
A) Its capacity actually knows no limits.
B) It grows sophisticated with practice.
C) It keeps our most precious memories until life’s end.
D) New information learned pushes old information out.
52. What is the benefit of forgetting?
A) It frees us from painful memories.
B) It helps slow down our aging process.
C) It facilitates our access to relevant information.
D) It prevents old information from forming associations.
53. What is the emphasis of current studies of memory?
A) When people tend to forget.
B) What contributes to forgetting.
C) How new technology hinders memory capacity.
D) Why learning and forgetting arc complementary.
54. What do people find about their rare ability to remember every detail of their life?(难)
A) It adds to the burden of their memory.
B) It makes their life more complicated.
C) It contributes to their success in life.
D) It constitutes a rare object of envy.
55. What does the passage say about forgetting?
A) It can enlarge our brain capacity.
B) It helps get rid of negative memories.
C) It is a way of organising our memories.
D) It should not cause any alarm in any way.
答案解析：
51. 根据“Previous behavioural studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting.”以及后文提到旧信息有时会因新记忆的形成而被挤出大脑，可知过去的行为研究发现学到的新的信息会挤出旧的信息，所以选D。
52. 根据“This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering.”，可知遗忘的好处是它有助于我们获取相关信息，所以选C。
53. 根据“But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.”，可知目前记忆研究的重点是导致遗忘的因素，所以选B。
54. 根据“people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome.”，可知人们发现他们能记住生活每一个细节的这种罕见能力增加了负担，这里指生活方面的负担，而不是记忆负担，所以选B。
55. 根据“In a sense, forgetting is our brain’s way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval.”，可知文章提到遗忘是我们大脑整理记忆的一种方式，所以选C。
