2020年山东卷
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people have the hobby ofcollecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19thcenturies, ____36_____(wealth) people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home untilit got too big ____37_____ until they died, and then it was given to a museum.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ____38_____(form) the core collection of the British Museum ____39_____ opened in 1759.
Theparts of a museum open to the public ____40_____ (call) galleries or rooms.Often, only a small part of a museum's collection _____41____ (be) on display.Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and theyattract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can playwith computer simulations (模拟) andimagine _____42____ (they) living at a different time in history or ______43___(walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Vikingsettlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells ofthe old town. historical ____44_____ (accurate) is important but so isentertainment. Museums must compete _____45____ people's spare time and moneywith other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrangespecial activities for children.
2020年新高考II卷(海南卷)
These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders 36 (begin)computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop 37 (education)computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become a 38 (require)for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most 39 (profession)
The Digital World is a set of volumes 40 aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores 41 wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, 42 discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics 43 (be)practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers 44 (encourage)to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of 45 (we)Further Resources section featured in each volume.
2019年全国1卷
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___ 62 ___(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___ 64 ___(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ___ 65 ___(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___ 66 ___(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___ 67 ___(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___ 68 ___(high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ____70____(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
2019年全国2卷
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for 61 (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. NowIrene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， 62 she opened with her latehusband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 (final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene 64 (declare) she had no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-oldbusiness. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing myfamily and all the friends I 66 (make) over the years.I work not because I have to, 67 becauseI want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the familybusiness-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. Shesaid，“We don't have any idea who put grandmaforward. When we got a call 68 (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was 69 joke. But then we got an official letter andwe were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 70 (wonder).”
2019年(全国3卷)
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house，it was raining 61 hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 62 (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and
65 (recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66 (compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67 (tradition)stories about Hawaii that were 68 (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69 (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， 70 (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
2017年全国卷1
第二节 (共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by
68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
2018年全国卷二
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
2018年全国卷三
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm not sure ______61______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _____62_____ top of her lungs. that makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the
____63____(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _____64_____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____65_____(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ____66____(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ____67____ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _____68_____(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal _____69_____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _____70_____ (stay)and watch.
2018年浙江卷
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. MakingChinese 56 (dish)is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 57 cometo China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. I still remember 59 (visit)a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cookedonce in all that time.
While regularlyeating out seems to 61 (become)common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obviousone is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62 (afford) but doing this most days addsup. There could be an even 63 (high) cost on your health. Researchers havefound that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outsidethe home and the rise in 64 (weigh)problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggestthat the next time you go to your mum’s home __65__ dinner, get a few cookingtips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effectsnot only on your health but in your pocket.
答案解析：
2020年山东卷
36. wealthy
解析：这里需要填入一个形容词来修饰后面的名词people，表示“富有的人”。wealth的形容词形式是wealthy。
37. or
解析：这里是一个选择关系，表示“直到收藏品太大或者直到他们去世”，所以应该使用or。
38. formed
解析：这里描述的是过去发生的事情，所以需要使用过去时态。动词form的过去式是formed。
39. which
解析：这里需要一个关系代词来引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子，并在从句中作主语，所以使用which。
40. are called
解析：这里描述的是一般现在时态，主语The parts of a museum是复数，所以使用are called。
41. is
解析：这里的主语a small part of a museum's collection是单数，所以使用is。
42. themselves
解析：这里需要用到反身代词，表示“他们自己”，所以使用themselves。
43. walking
解析：这里需要用到动名词形式，作为imagine的宾语，所以使用walking。
44. accuracy
解析：这里需要用到名词形式，表示“历史的准确性”，所以使用accuracy。
45. for
解析：这里表示博物馆必须与其他娱乐活动竞争人们的空闲时间和金钱， compete for sth with sb 表示与某人争夺某物。所以使用介词for。
2020年新高考II卷(海南卷)
36. to begin
这里需要用动词不定式to begin，作为second and third graders的定语，表示他们开始上计算机课的动作。
37. educational
这里需要用形容词educational来修饰后面的名词computer programs，表示这些计算机程序是教育性的。
38. requirement
这里需要用名词requirement，表示技术在日益数字化的世界中成为大多数工作的必要条件。
39. professions
这里需要用复数名词professions，因为前面有most修饰，表示大多数职业。
40. that/which
这里需要一个关系代词that或which来引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词volumes，并在从句中作主语。
41. a
这里需要不定冠词a，表示“一系列广泛的材料”。
42. and
这里需要并列连词and，来连接两个并列的动作explains和discusses。
43. is
这里需要动词is，表示“可能的话题实际上是无限的”。
44. are encouraged
这里需要被动语态are encouraged，表示读者被鼓励继续探索数字世界。
45. our
这里需要形容词性物主代词our，来修饰后面的Further Resources section，表示“我们”的资源部分。
2019年全国1卷
61. that
解析：此处为同位语从句，用来解释说明evidence，从句中不缺少成分，所以用连接词that。
62. poorly
解析：此处为副词修饰动词studied，表示“研究得不好”。
63. of/for
解析：methods of doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事的方法”。
64. to perform
解析：be expensive to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事很昂贵”。
65. have reported
解析：根据句中的in recent years可知，这里应该用现在完成时态。
66. belief
解析：leading to a belief that...为结果状语，意为“导致了一个信念，即……”。
67. noting
解析：科学家通过做笔记来回应，这里用现在分词作方式状语。
68. higher
解析：than比较级的使用说明前面应该用形容词的比较级，意为“比实际上要高”。
69. the
解析：of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations中的the表示特指，意为“19个被认可的……”。
70. are
解析：根据句中的three are declining和one is increasing可知，这里应该用are表示六个子群体是稳定的。
2019年全国2卷
61. being。此处讲述90岁的Irene Astbury因为成为英国最年长的全职员工而获得“年度女性”称号。for being意为“因为成为”。
62. which。此处讲述Irene Astbury每天在Macclesfield的宠物店工作，这家店是她和已故的丈夫Les一起开的。which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the pet shop。
63. finally。此处讲述Irene Astbury多年的辛勤工作终于得到了认可。finally意为“终于”。
64. declared。此处讲述Irene Astbury在领取“终身成就”奖时自豪地宣布她没有退休的计划。declare意为“宣布”。
65. to retire。此处讲述Irene Astbury没有计划退休。have no plans to do意为“没有计划做”。
66. have made。此处讲述Irene Astbury喜欢来这里，看到她的家人和这些年来她所交的所有朋友。have made是现在完成时，表示过去到现在所积累的朋友。
67. but。此处讲述Irene Astbury工作不是因为她必须工作，而是因为她想要工作。but用于表示对比。
68. saying。此处讲述当Irene Astbury的家人接到电话说她在提名名单上时，他们以为这是个玩笑。saying是现在分词作定语，修饰call。
69. a。此处讲述Irene Astbury的家人接到电话时，以为这是一个玩笑。a joke意为“一个玩笑”。
70. wonderful。此处讲述Irene Astbury的家人为她获得奖项感到非常骄傲，认为这很棒。wonderful意为“极好的”。
2019年(全国3卷)
61. so。"so hard that" 是一个固定搭配，表示“如此……以至于……”，用于强调程度。
62. to get。"how long it would take to get there" 是一个不定式短语作宾语，表示要花费多长时间到达那里。
63. of。"a pack of dogs" 是一个固定搭配，表示“一群狗”。
64. who。"who had great experience" 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 "their masters"，表示他们的主人有丰富的经验。
65. recommended。"recommended wonderful places" 是过去分词作宾语补足语，表示主人推荐了美妙的地方。
66. competition。"an interesting competition to watch" 表示一个有趣的比赛可以观看。
67. traditional。"traditional stories" 表示传统故事，用来修饰后面的名词 "stories"。
68. hugely。"hugely popular" 表示非常受欢迎，副词 "hugely" 用来修饰形容词 "popular"。
69. were。"we were invited" 是被动语态，表示我们被邀请。
70. listening。"listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals" 是现在分词作伴随状语，表示在听音乐家和遇见有趣当地人。
2017年全国卷1
61. as 此处表示医学界开始这种趋势作为一种对抗心脏病的方法，"as"作为介词，意为“作为”。
62. effects "side effect"是固定搭配，意为“副作用”，这里需要用复数形式。
63. to process 此处表示脂肪和盐对于处理我们吃的食物是必需的，"to process"是不定式作目的状语。
64. are removed 此处描述的是食物中的脂肪和盐被移除的情况，"are removed"是被动语态。
65. a "as a result"是固定搭配，意为“因此”，表示结果。
66. worse 此处表示更糟糕的情况，"worse"是"bad"的比较级，用于比较。
67. is 此处描述的是快餐的特点，"is"是动词be的第三人称单数形式。
68. eating 此处表示通过吃更多的快餐，"eating"是动名词作方式状语。
69. careful "be careful"意为“小心”，此处表示在饮食中要小心不要走极端。
70. which 此处需要一个关系代词来引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，"which"符合语境。
2018年全国卷二
61. has grown 根据句子时态，这里应该使用现在完成时，表示从2011年至今中国种植的玉米比大米多。
62. the 这里指的是过去的25年，是特指，所以使用定冠词"the"。
63. actually 这里需要副词来修饰动词"behind"，表示实际上是因为对肉的口味变化导致了这一改变。
64. to improve 这里表示政府鼓励农民种植玉米的目的是为了改善水质，所以使用不定式"to improve"表示目的。
65. than 这里是比较级结构，比较玉米和大米使用的水量，所以使用"than"。
66. pollution 这里需要名词形式，表示减少的是污染。
67. global 这里修饰名词"fertilizer consumption"，表示全球的化肥消耗，所以使用形容词"global"。
68. started 根据句子时态，这里应该使用过去式，表示政府开始了一个土壤检测项目。
69. that/which 这里需要一个关系代词来引导定语从句，修饰"soil-testing program"，并在从句中作主语。
70. feeding 这里需要现在分词作状语，表示同时进行的动作，即在中国保护环境的同时喂养其公民。
2018年全国卷三
61. 根据句子结构，这里需要一个连接词来引导宾语从句，并且指代人，所以使用"who"。
62. "at the top of her lungs"是一个固定短语，表示某人尽全力地叫喊，所以使用"the"。
63. 根据上下文，这里需要使用形容词的最高级来表示这个雄性大猩猩的叫声是最响亮的，所以使用"loudest"。
64. "avoid"后面需要接动名词作宾语，表示避免做某事，所以使用"looking"。
65. "feel"后面需要接形容词作宾语补足语，表示感到被挑战，所以使用"challenged"。
66. 根据上下文，这里需要表示职业身份，所以使用"scientist"。
67. "search for"是一个固定短语，表示寻找，所以使用"for"。
68. "find"后面需要接宾语，指代前面提到的三只大猩猩，所以使用"them"。
69. "meant"是动词"mean"的过去式，表示过去的意思或意图，所以使用"meant"。
70. "allow"后面通常接带不定式符号to的动词原形，表示允许某人做某事，所以使用"to stay"。
2018年浙江卷
56. dishes
解析：Chinese dishes表示“中国菜肴”，是可数名词复数形式，因为前面有形容词修饰。
57. who/that
解析：who引导定语从句，修饰Many westerners，并在从句中作主语。
58. it
解析：it指代前文提到的eating out，即“外出就餐”。
59. visiting
解析：remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”，此处表示“记得拜访过一个朋友”。
60. was shocked
解析：I was shocked表示“我感到震惊”，此处为一般过去时的被动语态。
61. have become
解析：seems to have become表示“似乎已经变得”，此处为现在完成时态。
62. affordable
解析：affordable表示“负担得起的”，此处作为表语形容词。
63. higher
解析：even higher cost表示“甚至更高的代价”，此处用比较级表示程度加深。
64. weight
解析：weight problems表示“体重问题”，此处为名词复数形式。
65. for
解析：go to your mum’s home for dinner表示“去你妈妈家吃饭”，for表示目的。
