1. set about
核心词义:着手做,开始做(高考核心义);
常见搭配:set about doing sth.(注意:后接动名词,不可接不定式,高考易混点)
例句:
After finishing the discussion, the team immediately set about carrying out the plan.
讨论结束后,团队立即着手执行计划。
2. set up
核心词义:
① 建立,设立(组织、机构、系统等,高考高频义);
② 安装,装配(设备、机器,高考常考义);
③ 安排、准备(指计划、活动、会议等)
④陷害,诬陷(熟词生义,高考完形填空偶尔考,侧重故意设计使他人受罚)。
常见搭配:
set up a company/school/organization 建立公司/学校/组织
set up a machine/equipment 安装机器/设备
例句:
The government plans to set up a new research center to study environmental protection.
3. set out
核心词义:
① 出发,启程(高考基础义,侧重动身去某地);
② 开始做,着手(后接不定式,高考核心易混点);
③ 阐明,陈述(熟词生义,高考阅读、写作高频,侧重清晰表达观点)。
常见搭配:
set out for sp. 动身去某地
set out to do sth. 开始做某事
set out one's views/ideas 阐明观点/想法
例句:
The author sets out his argument clearly in the first chapter of the book.
作者在书的第一章清晰地阐明了自己的论点。
4. set down
核心词义:
① 写下,记下(高考高频词义,侧重记录信息);
② 放下,搁下(基础词义,高考较少单独考,常结合语境);
③ 让某人下车(熟词生义,高考完形、语法填空偶尔考,侧重交通工具上的动作);
④ 制定,规定(熟词生义,高考阅读高频,侧重确定规则、计划)。
常见搭配:
set down sth./set sth. down 写下某物
set down sb. 让某人下车
set down rules/regulations 制定规则/规定
例句:
She quickly set down the key points of the lecture before she forgot them.
她趁没忘记,迅速记下了讲座的要点。
核心区别:
1. 表“开始做”时:set about 后接动名词,set out 后接不定式,此为高考最核心易混点;
2. set up 侧重“建立实体/系统”或“陷害”,set down 侧重“记录/制定/让下车”,语义差异明显;
3. set out 可表“出发”,其余三个无此含义;set about 可表“攻击”,其余三个无此含义。
巩固练习:
1. Having collected enough materials, the researcher ____________ writing the academic paper, which is due next month.(2026届模拟)
A. set about B. set up C. set out D. set down
2. The local government ____________ a special committee to investigate the case and ____________ strict rules to prevent similar incidents from happening again.(2025届模拟)
A. set out; set down B. set up; set down C. set about; set up D. set down; set out
答案:A、B
