2025年北京卷
We do everything in a hurry—finishing our meals, completing our tasks, running to the gyms... We choose fast living because we think we have no control of time. We try to do as much as we can each day, checking off tasks on our to-do lists. Living in a rush feels like we are always pressed for time.
Our way of thinking that is focused on speed values doing more over doing things well. For a long time, we believe that speed means being productive and successful, and therefore, we keep rushing here and there in doing everything. Yet from time to time, we find ourselves in a predicament (困境) that no matter how fast we go, we never seem to be quick enough to catch up with our endless tasks and goals.
The Slow movement thinks that the answer to our predicament is not to live faster, but to learn how to live slower. The movement began with the Slow Food Program, which was set up in 1986. It believed that we should fight against fast-food restaurants, protect traditional cooking, and encourage people to enjoy preparing and eating food.
The belief finally spread from the Slow Food program to other parts of life. In 1999, it helped create Cittaslow—a group focused on slowing down life in cities. This belief about slowing down quickly began to influence areas like work, travel, fashion, and living in general.
The main idea of the Slow Movement is to value quality over quantity (数量). Slow living is a lifestyle based on the Slow Movement. Its goal is to free us from endless rush that stops us from enjoying moments of rest. Slow living encourages us to live each moment whole-heartedly and give everything the time it needs, rather than try to do as many things as possible in every minute of our lives. Today, more people are drawn to the idea of the Slow Movement, thanks to social media sharing the many benefits of living slowly.
Why do people choose fast living?
What is the answer to our predicament, according to the Slow Movement?
What is the main idea of the Slow Movement?
Which lifestyle do you prefer, fast living or slow living? Why? (Please give two reasons.)
2024年北京卷
Recently, I started to use an app to keep a record of my running. Each run I wanted to go a little farther, run a little faster and burn more calories (卡路里). Last night I finished an 8.3-km run in 46 minutes and burnt 468 calories. In comparison, my run two days ago was 8.6 km in 46 minutes with 483 calories burnt. This inner self-comparison left me feeling disappointed. I became so focused (专注的) on the numbers that I forgot to consider what I achieved.
These tiny differences in numbers kept me away from the bigger picture: how did I actually feel after completing my most recent run? Well, honestly, I was completely tired out. What good is running to beat your top score if you don’t feel on top?
We should exercise for the purpose of building our confidence. And working out harder and faster may serve that purpose. But confidence building comes with being able to do more in our day-to-day life, experiencing less pain and more freedom in movement, and feeling good after a workout. Fitness should help us with our quality (质量) of life, the ability to sleep, good memory, among other things. Fitness should not just come with the eagerness for the success in numbers.
In our busy lives, we only have limited time for fitness. When we do physical exercise, we should value what feels good over what looks or sounds good. Sometimes what serves us and our health is coming home and doing a light workout, like going on a short bike ride. Sometimes what serves us is simply going to sleep at 9:30 p.m. instead of forcing ourselves into a workout. Apps of this kind are a great way for us to keep an eye on our health. But don’t read into the numbers to the point where you lose out on feeling proud that you are taking care of yourself. So my advice is: when you do physical exercise, make sure you feel good about yourself over feeling good about the numbers.
34.Why did the writer start to use the app?
35.What did the writer forget to consider when he became too focused on the numbers?
36.According to the writer, what should be our purpose of doing exercise?
37.When you do physical exercise, which do you think is more important, feeling good about yourself or feeling good about the numbers? Why? (Please give two reasons.)
2023年北京卷
My 100 Days Without a Mobile Phone
When was the last time you left home without your mobile phone? Can you imagine yourself living a month, or even a year without checking your mobile phone from time to time?
As a busy modern person with lots of social connections, plans and responsibilities, I just cannot afford to not be in touch with the rest of the world. Staying connected to other people is a big part of my life. However, sometimes it can be bothersome (恼人的 ).
One day I discovered I was terribly tired out. I tried turning notifications (通知 )off. But the fear of missing out something important made me check the phone more often than before. So, I simply stopped using my phone.
Well, to tell the truth, it was not simple at all. For the first couple of days, I had a big fear that all of my friends would soon forget about me. When I had a free moment, I had no idea what to get myself distracted (分心的 )with, and the worries mixed with boredom kept bothering me.
However, after three weeks without a mobile phone, I started noticing changes — changes which I liked, and which drove me to not just continue the experiment, but in fact to reorganize some of my habits.
First of all, I noticed that I became much more focused (专注的 ).Before, while doing something, I would often find myself wondering what was going on online. After a month of staying away from my mobile phone, I found that the urge (冲动 )was already not that strong and that my ability to focus improved.
I discovered that the world is a beautiful place. Before, I would look at it through my camera mostly: take a photo, post it, get some likes. Now, I saw beautiful people walking around and I sensed the seasons change. I could
understand the actual beauty of the world, and I did not need anyone else to prove the value of this beauty through likes or shares.
Now, as 100 days have passed, I can say that the experiment was worth it. I am planning to stay away from my phone for as long as possible.
34. What made the writer check the phone more often than before?
35. When did the writer start noticing his changes?
36. What does the writer plan to do with his phone after the experiment?
37 .Would you like to follow the writer ’s example? Why or why not? (Please give two reasons. )
2022年北京卷
Working Out through Online Videos
Physical exercise is good for our mind, body and spirit. Today, working out through online videos is becoming very popular. Since the Internet is widely used, it's very easy for us to do so. that means we can work out anytime anywhere.
One of my friends, Lin Fei, followed short workout videos to do daily exercise. “With live programs, I feel like working out with my friends, which encourages me to hold on to the last minute,” she said. Another friend of mine, Michael, told me that workout videos let him feel so comfortable. “I have a fear of working out at the gym(健身房), because I don't like being watched by others. Working out at home makes working out much more enjoyable,” he said.
With their examples, I decided to give it a try. When I told my plan to my elder sister, a P.E. teacher, she reminded me that workout videos could be helpful but might still carry some problems.
“Without being with someone in person, you will be less willing(愿意的) to work out to your best. Working out at the gym allows you to have advice in real time and get pushed harder,” my sister said to me. “Well, if you really want to have a try, first,choose proper programs or videos. That's very important. And then ask your friends for advice. Their experiences can give you a good sight into what you can expect. Anyway, don't be addicted(沉迷的) to it. You should try different ways to work out to be healthy.”
At her suggestions, I finally followed an online workout program with personalized help that is held for three months. After the first period of training, I felt it very practical and helpful when I put in the right amount(量) of work along with a strong will. Compared with going to the gym, using online videos to work out is a much cheaper and time⁃saving choice. But it can be difficult sometimes when I'm too lazy or too busy to stick to it.
1.Which way to work out is becoming very popular today?
2.Why does Michael dislike working out at the gym?
3.What is the problem of working out without someone else in person?
4.How did the writer feel about his first period of training?
5.Would you like to follow online videos to work out? Why or why not?
2021年北京卷
Screen-Free Days
I remember the first time I suggested screen-free days in our school to some of our student leaders. Jokingly, I said to the group, “What do you think if we go a week without using our laptops or smartphones?”
They laughed, and one of them said, “No way, Mr. White. They would be too much.” I could feel their worry, and told them that I was only considering single screen-free days. Even that idea left them feeling upset.
According to a survey we did, most students in our school spend about six hours a day on screens. Many of my students start their day by checking their smartphones. I often see them looking at their phones when getting off the bus or at parent drop-off—they can't use their own “screens” at school. They usually work on computers at school for at least two hours during the day.
It's clear that our students spend a lot of time on screens. We do see the benefits of technology. However, we teachers also want to make sure that students have balanced learning and social experiences away from their screens. That's why we have come up with the idea of screen-free days.
During the course of the year, we have built in several screen-free days that require us to make different plans for our students about how they will communicate with one another and the world around them without “screens”. For some teachers, this means bringing back a valuable lesson plan that has been put off for some time because it is “out of date”. Others have designed something completely new.
Fun activities, for example, card games and room escape(密室逃脱) games, are organized at school. In these activities, students socialize without smartphones and have face-to-face communication without checking on “likes” they've got online. These fun activities also make it possible for the whole grade to enjoy the company of their friends with no smartphones.
After our first screen-free day, students mentioned that they were surprised they enjoyed it. Finding ways to help our students connect with one another is important. While technology is already part of our world, it shouldn't play such an important role in a learner's life.
34.How many hours do most students in the school spend on screens every day?
35.Why have the teachers come up with the idea of screen-free days?
36.What fun activities can the students have at school?
37.How did the students feel after the first screen-free day?
38.What do you think of the idea of screen-free days? Why do you think so?
2020年北京卷
This 12-year-old Girl Built a Robot to Find Plastics in the Ocean
Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there. She reached down to pick them up, and quickly realized there were many more tiny pieces than she could deal with. It seemed impossible to clean them all up.
Du, 12 years old at the time, tried to solve the problem like any good scientist—first, by doing a little research. That's how she learned that 8 million tons of plastics end up in the oceans every year.
Then she got to work building something that could help solve the problem:a remote-operated vehicle (遥控潜水器), or ROV. Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.
The actually cool part of Du's ROV is the detection (探测)system. She uses a camera along with three different kinds of light to find the plastics. She also uses visible (可见的) light to find unnatural colors that might make the plastics stand out.
“She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it,” says engineer Casey Machado. “It sounds simple, but it's a level of thinking that's really amazing.”
Du started attending public events and workshops at a university when she was five years old, and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV. She says actually getting her ROV to move through water well was not easy. She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.
When asked about future plans, she mentions wanting to address the effects of climate(气候)change. “I think there are a lot of problems that could be solved with new inventions,”says Du.
Du thanks her parents, who for years have taken her to student outreach activities, for supporting her interest in science, technology, engineering and math(STEM). She says she has been able to meet students and scientists there.
“I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems,” says Du. “But I'm not sure what kind of engineer I want to be yet.”
34.What did Anna Du notice while walking along the beach?
35.How old was Du when she did a little research to solve the problem?
36.What can Du's ROV do?
37.Why does Du want to be an engineer in the future?
38.What made Du succeed in building her ROV?
2019年北京卷
Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected
Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋). Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves(海浪)in the arctic waters.
The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.
On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the ice.
“We were ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracks(裂缝)around,” he remembers.
He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces.
Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ship' s navigation(航行)system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small.
The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger.
Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters. As waves break up ice, the seas will become more open, and the waves will get even stronger. There are stormy times ahead.
34.When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters?
35.Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip?
36.What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe?
37.How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system?
38.What is paragraph 7 mainly about?
2018年北京卷
When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so?
In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for “fail”.The word “fail” happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact of the matter is that any letter can mean “not-passing”or “fail”. Some schools have U grade for “unsatisfactory”, or I grade for “incomplete”.
Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.
The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale:
A:95%—100%(excellent) B:85%—94%(good)
C:76%—84%(fair) D:75%(barely passed)
E:below 75%(failed)
We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.
Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F. There is no evidence(证据) to really support this, but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”.
Why do we have letter grades? Well, part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began, growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students.
Today, more and more people argue that letter grades don' t fully reflect(反映) student learning. However, as teachers try to improve grading methods,many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids. They are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren' t going away any time soon.
34.What does an F stand for in the A,B,C,D and F grading system?
35.When was the letter grading system first used in the US college?
36.What is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade?
37.What did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?
38.Why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today?
2017年北京卷
What' s in a Name?
Many American names come from England. But where did most English names come from?
Centuries ago, most people in England had only one name—their first name. In the 11th century, five or six of the 50 people in a village might be named William, and it was easy to get confused. But in the Middle Ages, people found a way to describe each person exactly. If there were four Williams in one village, one might be referred to as William the son of John. A second might be called William from the hill. A third, William the blacksmith(铁匠). And a fourth, William the brown haired. In conversation, people might refer to the four Williams as William John' s son, William hill, William smith, and William brown.
It was 300 or 400 years before these extra(附加的)names gradually developed into last names, or surnames. They were passed on from generation to generation. By the 1300s, Robert, the son of William smith, had the name Robert smith, even if he was not a blacksmith like his father. As the last name became widely accepted, the first letter was capitalized, as in Robert Smith. By the 15th century, most people of the upper and middle classes had surnames.
Many surnames were based on father-son relations. The “son of” part was added to the father' s first name, like Johnson, meaning John' s son. Sometimes it was shortened to just“s”, as in Jones or Evans. Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived. They are the most common type of surname. A third kind of surname was based on a person' s job. Forester was someone who looked after the forest. In the Middle Ages, occupation names such as Baker, Carpenter, and Miller became common. The fourth kind of surname was a nickname(绰号). A man whose surname was Bear might be as fierce as a bear.
Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common? The most common surname in the English language is Smith. Being able to make metals(金属)into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages, and many people were trained as blacksmiths. The most common American surnames are Smith, Johnson, Williams, and Brown.
61.Where do many American names come from?
62.When did people find a way to describe each person exactly?
63.How long did it take for extra names to develop into last names?
64.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
65.Why were many people trained as blacksmiths in the Middle Ages?
2016年北京卷
A 108-year-old message in a Bottle
On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it moved slowly for 108 years and 138 days.
Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didn’t break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old, so she didn’t want to damage it.
Finally she got the piece of paper out of the bottle. She found that the paper was actually a postcard. On the back of the card there was this message: The Marine Biological Association(海洋生物学协会) would pay a shilling(先令) for the bottle. A shilling was a unit of money that was used in Great Britain before the early 1970s.
Winkler filled out the card and posted it. The association was surprised to get a postcard addressed to George Bidder, the president of the association from 1939 to 1945. The workers of the association searched on the Internet to find a shilling. They found one and sent it to Winkler as a reward.
The message in the bottle was the oldest ever re-discovered. For this reason Marianne Winkler got a place in “Guinness World Records”(吉尼斯世界纪录). She broke the record for the oldest message in a bottle.
Winkler’s bottle was not the only one Bidder sent to sea. Between 1904 and 1906, he sent away more than one thousand bottles. He placed postcards inside them. The bottles were part of a research project to map currents(洋流) in the North Sea. This was the best method at that time. But whether the association could get the bottles back depended on the people who found them. The association reported that about 55 percent of the bottles were returned. They added that the experiment was a success as it showed the east-to-west flow of the North Sea’s currents.
61.How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea?
62.Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in 2015?
63.What was in the bottle?
64.Who was George Bidder?
65.Why did Bidder drop bottles into the sea?
2015年北京卷
Black Friday
Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday.The day after it has been known as Black Friday.It is the start of the holiday shopping season,and it has been the busiest shopping day of the year in the US since 2005.
Most stores offer big sales on Black Friday.They open their doors quite early in the morning.They try to attract shoppers with big discounts(打折).Some items(商品)like TVs and clothes are much cheaper than usual.Stores may even lose money on these items.They hope that shoppers will buy gifts for other people while they are in the store.
Black Friday is a great time to go shopping.However,there are problems.The biggest one is that there are not enough low-priced items.Each store may only have a few.These items are in great need,so people stand in long lines to get them.They may wait three to four hours before a store opens.They may be hoping to get a low price on a TV or computer,but not everybody can get one.Some people leave,disappointed.
The situation makes people worried.Some Black Friday events have been crazy.There have been fights over toys among shoppers.Some workers have even been hurt by large crowds.But most Black Friday events are safe and fun.Still,if you plan to go,you will expect large crowds and a bit of pushing.
So where does the name“Black Friday”come from?It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s.The police called this day Black Friday because of the heavy traffic it caused.In the 1960s,stores tried to rename the day“Big Friday”.It did not stick.The name“Black Friday”continued to spread across the country.It seems that it is here to stay.
Now people all over the country take part in Black Friday events.It is even spreading to other parts of the world.Stores have held Black Friday events in the UK,Australia,and Brazil since 2012.In Mexico,stores offer a weekend of discounts every year.They call it“El Buen Fin”,which means“the good weekend”in Spanish.I guess people everywhere like to buy things on sale.
61.Is Black Friday the start of the holiday shopping season?
62.What is the biggest problem with Black Friday?
63.How long may people have to wait before a store opens?
64.Where was the name“Black Friday”first used in the 1950s?
65.Why do people like going shopping on Black Friday?
答案解析：
2025年北京卷
34. Because they think they have no control of time.根据第一段“We choose fast living because we think we have no control of time”可知，人们选择快生活是因为他们认为自己无法控制时间。
35. To learn how to live slower.根据第三段“The Slow Movement thinks that the answer to our predicament is not to live faster, but to learn how to live slower”可知，慢生活运动认为解决困境的方法是学会更慢地生活。
36. To value quality over quantity.根据第五段“The main idea of the Slow Movement is to value quality over quantity”可知，慢生活运动的主旨是重质而非量。
37. I prefer slow living. For one thing, it allows me to focus on the quality of my work and life, leading to better results and deeper satisfaction. For another, it helps me reduce stress and enjoy the present moment, which is beneficial for my mental and physical health.本题为开放性试题，言之有理即可。
2024年北京卷
34. To keep a record of his running. 根据文章第一段第一句“Recently, I started to use an app to keep a record of my running.”，可知作者使用该应用的目的是记录他的跑步情况。
35. He forgot to consider what he achieved. 根据文章第一段“I became so focused (专注的) on the numbers that I forgot to consider what I achieved.”，可知，作者忘记了考虑他所取得的成绩。
36. To build our confidence . 根据文章第三段第一句“We should exercise for the purpose of building our confidence.”，可知作者认为我们锻炼的目的是建立自信。
37. (开放性试题，言之有理即可)。Feeling good about yourself is more important.
Reasons:
1. Because exercise should help us with our quality of life, like feeling good after a workout.
2. Because the purpose of exercise is to build confidence, and feeling proud of taking care of ourselves is more important than the numbers.
2023年北京卷
34. The fear of missing out something important.根据文中“But the fear of missing out something important made me check the phone more often than before.”可知，是害怕错过重要事情的心理让作者比以前更频繁地查看手机。
35. After three weeks without a mobile phone.从“However, after three weeks without a mobile phone, I started noticing changes”能明确得知，在三周不使用手机后，作者开始注意到自己的变化。
36. Stay away from his phone for as long as possible.依据“Now, as 100 days have passed, I can say that the experiment was worth it. I am planning to stay away from my phone for as long as possible.”可知，实验结束后，作者计划尽可能长时间地远离手机。
37. Yes, I'd like to. First, staying away from the mobile phone can make me more focused on what I'm doing. Second, I can have more time to appreciate the beauty of the real world around me instead of looking at it through the camera.
这是一道开放性题目，回答愿意或不愿意跟随作者的例子并给出合理理由即可。如果回答愿意，可以从远离手机能带来的好处，如更专注、更好地欣赏现实世界等方面阐述理由;如果回答不愿意，可以从手机在联系亲友、获取学习信息等方面的重要性来说明原因。
2022年北京卷
1. 根据文中“Today, working out through online videos is becoming very popular.”可知，如今通过在线视频锻炼的方式变得非常流行，所以答案是Working out through online videos。
2. 根据文中“I have a fear of working out at the gym(健身房), because I don't like being watched by others.”可知，迈克尔不喜欢在健身房锻炼是因为他不喜欢被别人看着，所以答案是Because he doesn't like being watched by others。
3. 根据文中“Without being with someone in person, you will be less willing(愿意的) to work out to your best.”可知，没有和别人在一起，你就不太愿意尽自己最大的努力锻炼，所以答案是You will be less willing to work out to your best。
4.根据文中“After the first period of training, I felt it very practical and helpful when I put in the right amount(量) of work along with a strong will.”可知，作者在第一阶段的训练后，觉得它非常实用且有帮助，所以答案是He felt it very practical and helpful。
5. Yes, I'd like to，Because it's very convenient and I can work out anytime anywhere.根据文中“That means we can work out anytime anywhere.”以及自身对在线视频锻炼优势的理解，可知在线视频锻炼很方便，可以随时随地锻炼，所以可以回答愿意，并说明原因。(开放性题目，合理即可)
2021年北京卷
34. 根据文中“According to a survey we did, most students in our school spend about six hours a day on screens.”可知，学校里大多数学生每天花大约六个小时在屏幕上，故答案为About six hours。
35. 由文中“However, we teachers also want to make sure that students have balanced learning and social experiences away from their screens. That's why we have come up with the idea of screen - free days.”可知，老师们想出无屏幕日的想法是为了确保学生在远离屏幕的情况下有平衡的学习和社交体验，故答案为Because they want to make sure that students have balanced learning and social experiences away from their screens。
36. 根据“Fun activities, for example, card games and room escape(密室逃脱) games, are organized at school.”可知，学生在学校可以玩纸牌游戏和密室逃脱游戏，故答案为Card games and room escape games。
37. 从“After our first screen - free day, students mentioned that they were surprised they enjoyed it.”可知，第一次无屏幕日后，学生们感到很惊喜并且很享受，故答案为They were surprised and enjoyed it。
38. 此题为开放性题目，答案不唯一。可以从无屏幕日能带来的好处方面阐述观点，比如能减少学生看屏幕的时间、有更多面对面交流、建立更好的社交关系等。示例答案I think it's a great idea. Because it can help students reduce their screen - time, have more face - to - face communication and build better social relationships.
2020年北京卷
34. She noticed plastics on the beach.根据文中“Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there.”可知，Anna Du在海滩上散步时注意到了塑料，答案直接从原文获取。
35. *She was 12 years old.由文中“Du, 12 years old at the time, tried to solve the problem like any good scientist—first, by doing a little research.”可知，她当时12岁，答案明确。
36. It can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.根据“Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.”可知，她的遥控潜水器能在水中移动并找到海底的塑料，直接引用原文回答。
37. Because she likes building things to help solve world problems.从文中“I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems,”可知，她想成为工程师是因为喜欢建造东西来解决世界问题，答案来自原文。
38. Her engineering sense, not giving up trying and testing, and her parents' support made her succeed.文中提到她有很好的工程思维，失败多次但从不放弃尝试和测试，同时父母支持她对科学的兴趣，带她参加学生拓展活动让她能见到学生和科学家，这些都促使她成功建造了遥控潜水器，综合这些信息得出答案。
2019年北京卷
34. In May, 2010. 根据文中“The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip.”可知，Marchenko和他的学生在2010年5月发现了北冰洋的巨浪。
35. They wanted to study the icy waters.由“Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.”可知，他们出发是为了研究冰冷的海水。
36. He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice.根据“He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe.”可知，Marchenko决定把船驶入更深的冰层来保证安全。
37. More than 20 feet.从“The ship's navigation(航行)system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height.”可知，导航系统记录的最大海浪高度超过20英尺。
38. he dangers of huge waves.第七段主要讲述了巨浪的速度和力量使得人们无法提前预知它们的到来，这对航海者和当地社区以及依赖海冰生存的野生动物都很危险，所以该段主要是关于巨浪的危险。
2018年北京卷
34. 根据文中“In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for ‘fail’.”可知，在A、B、C、D和F评分系统中，F代表“不及格”，故答案为It stands for “fail”。
35. 由文中“The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897, they began to use the following grading scale”可知，美国第一所使用如今这种字母评分系统的大学是曼荷莲学院，1897年开始使用，所以答案为In 1897。
36. 从文中“However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F. There is no evidence(证据) to really support this, but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for ‘excellent’.”可知，放弃使用E等级的一个可能原因是老师担心一些学生和家长会把E误认为“优秀”，答案为Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”。
37. 依据文中“As the 20th century began, growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students.”可知，20世纪初，大多数老师认为这种新的字母评分系统是一种简单、公平且清晰的给学生打分的方式，故答案为They thought it was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students。
38. 根据文中“However, as teachers try to improve grading methods, many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids. They are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand.”可知，很多家长仍然喜欢字母评分是因为他们对字母评分很熟悉，而且容易理解，答案为Because they are familiar and easy for parents to understand。
2017年北京卷
61. 根据第一段“Many American names come from England.”可知，很多美国名字来自英国，所以答案是England。
62. 由第二段“But in the Middle Ages, people found a way to describe each person exactly.”可知，在中世纪，人们找到了准确描述每个人的方法，答案是In the Middle Ages。
63. 从第三段“It was 300 or 400 years before these extra(附加的)names gradually developed into last names, or surnames.”可知，附加名字逐渐发展成姓氏花了300或400年，答案是300 or 400 years。
64. 第四段主要介绍了基于父子关系的姓氏、基于居住地的姓氏、基于工作的姓氏和绰号姓氏这几种不同类型的姓氏以及它们的形成方式，所以答案是Different kinds of surnames and how they were formed。
65. 根据最后一段“Being able to make metals(金属)into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages, and many people were trained as blacksmiths.”可知，在中世纪，能够把金属制成工具是一项重要技能，所以很多人被培训成铁匠，答案是Because being able to make metals into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages。
2016年北京卷
61. 根据第一段“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it moved slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”可知，这个有重量的玻璃瓶在海里移动了108年138天，所以答案是108 years and 138 days。
62. 从第二段“Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015.”能明确得出，Marianne Winkler在2015年发现了这个瓶子，答案是Yes, she did。
63. 由第三段“Finally she got the piece of paper out of the bottle. She found that the paper was actually a postcard.”可知，瓶子里是一张明信片，答案是A postcard。
64. 根据第四段“The association was surprised to get a postcard addressed to George Bidder, the president of the association from 1939 to 1945.”可知，George Bidder是1939 - 1945年海洋生物学协会的主席，答案是The president of the Marine Biological Association from 1939 to 1945。
65. 从最后一段“The bottles were part of a research project to map currents(洋流) in the North Sea.”可知，Bidder把瓶子扔进海里是因为这些瓶子是绘制北海洋流的研究项目的一部分，答案是Because he wanted to map currents in the North Sea.
2015年北京卷
61. 根据文中“The day after it has been known as Black Friday. It is the start of the holiday shopping season”可知，黑色星期五是假日购物季的开始，所以答案是Yes, it is.
62. 从文中“However, there are problems. The biggest one is that there are not enough low - priced items.”能直接得出，黑色星期五最大的问题是低价商品不足，故答案是There are not enough low - priced items.
63. 由“They may wait three to four hours before a store opens.”可知，人们在商店开门前可能要等三到四个小时，所以答案是Three to four hours.
64. 依据“So where does the name ‘Black Friday’ come from? It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s.”可知，“黑色星期五”这个名字在20世纪50年代首次在费城使用，答案是In Philadelphia.
65. 根据“Most stores offer big sales on Black Friday. They try to attract shoppers with big discounts(打折). Some items(商品) like TVs and clothes are much cheaper than usual.”可知，人们喜欢在黑色星期五购物是因为大多数商店都有大促销，很多商品比平时便宜很多，所以答案是Because most stores offer big sales and many items are much cheaper than usual.
