About 23% of the global population lives in absolute poverty. In developing countries there is a low life expectancy, a high infant 26 rate, high levels of unemployment and illiteracy, nutritional levels below acceptable standards and widespread disease with very little or poor quality medical assistance.Others live 27 wealthy and luxurious lives and so the wealth is distributed in a very 28 manner.These are the central problems to questions of charity though charity also includes many other areas such as assisting the elderly.
We all 29 when very rich people pledge to give away most of their billions, but they are usually left with millions to pass on, still much more than most people would expect to earn in their lifetime. Even comparatively 30 salaries in the west are very high when compared globally. Someone on £20,000could easily afford to give away £2,000 per year and still have plenty to live on plus some luxuries.
Most people agree that giving to charity is morally 31 but charitable behaviour tends to be regarded as above and beyond the call of duty. Some argue, however, that charitable behaviour is morally required. This means that to fail to behave charitably would be wrong. The majority of arguments in this vein refer to giving aid to poorer nations but they may also refer to giving time within one's 32 community. Arguments tend to place different requirements on people in different income brackets and 33 entirely people who are merely making ends meet. Some argue that people should all contribute a certain percentage of their earnings. I will 34 together all those arguments that place a moral requirement on people to give to charity, despite the fact that there is wide disagreement as to the 35 of that moral requirement.
A) applaud
B) casualty
C) exclude
D) extent
E) group
F) hierarchical
G) immediate
H) incredibly
I) moderate
J) mortality
K) overt
L) praiseworthy
M) probe
N) sceptically
O) unequal
答案解析：
26. 空格前是定冠词 "a" 和名词 "infant"(婴儿)，后是名词 "rate"(率)。这里需要一个形容词来修饰名词 "infant"。该句列举了发展中国家的种种问题，包括“低预期寿命、高婴儿____率、高失业率和文盲率”。根据常识，与“高”和“低预期寿命”并列的应该是“死亡率”。mortality rate 表示死亡率，符合句意，所以选J。
27. 空格在动词 "live" 之后，形容词 "wealthy" 之前，需要一个副词来修饰形容词 "wealthy"。前文提到了绝对贫困，这里用 "Others"(另一些人)进行对比，他们过着“富裕和奢侈的生活”。这种对比是巨大的，所以需要一个表示程度的副词。 incredibly 表示难以置信地，非常，符合句意，所以选H。
28. 空格前是冠词 "a" 和副词 "very"，后是名词 "manner"(方式)，需要一个形容词。前文对比了穷人和富人的生活，结论是财富分配的方式是怎样的。这种巨大的贫富差距说明分配是“不平等的”。unequal (不平等的)符合句意，所以选O。
29. 空格在主语 "We" 之后，when引导的时间状语从句之前，需要一个谓语动词。当非常富有的人承诺捐出大部分财产时，我们通常会怎么做?根据常理，我们会“鼓掌称赞”。applaud (鼓掌，称赞)符合句意，所以选A。
30. 空格前是副词 "comparatively"(相对地)，后是名词 "salaries"(薪水)，需要一个形容词。 这句话将西方的薪水与全球水平进行比较。即使是“相对____的”薪水，在全球看来也很高。结合后文£20,000的例子，这里指的是“中等水平的”薪水。moderate (适中的，中等的)符合句意，所以选I。
31. 空格在系动词 "is" 和副词 "morally"(道德上)之后，需要一个形容词作表语。大多数人都同意做慈善在道德上是怎样的?当然是“值得赞扬的”。praiseworthy (值得赞扬的)符合句意，所以选L。
32. 空格前是物主代词 "one's"，后是名词 "community"(社区)，需要一个形容词。前文提到了对贫穷国家的援助，这里用 "but also" 表示补充，也可能指在自己“身边的、直接的”社区里付出时间。immediate (直接的，身边的)符合句意，所以选G。
33. 空格在连词 "and" 和副词 "entirely"(完全地)之后，主语 "people" 之前，需要一个动词。这句话讨论不同收入人群的责任。对于不同收入阶层的人有不同的要求，并且会“完全排除”那些仅仅勉强糊口的人。exclude (排除，不包括)符合句意，所以选C。
34. 空格在主语 "I" 和副词 "together" 之间，需要一个谓语动词，且能与 "together" 构成搭配。作者说，他会把所有那些观点“汇集、整合”在一起。group (将...归类/组合)符合句意，所以选E。
35. 空格前是定冠词 "the"，后是 "of" 引导的介词短语，需要一个名词。尽管对于那种道德要求的“程度、范围”存在广泛分歧。extent (程度，范围)符合句意，所以选D。
