Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Question 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Children do not think the way adults do. For most of the first year of life, if something is out of sight, it’s out of mind. If you cover a baby’s 26 toy with a piece of cloth, the baby thinks the toy has disappeared and stops looking for it. A 4-year-old may
27 that a sister has more fruit juice when it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ, not the 28 of juice.
Yet children are smart in their own way. Like good little scientists, children are always testing their child-sized 29 about how things work. When your child throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try to feed her, and you say, “That’s enough! I will not pick up your spoon again!” the child will 30 test your claim. Are you serious? Are you angry? What will happen if she throws the spoon again? She is not doing this to drive you 31; rather, she is learning that her desires and yours can differ, and that sometimes those 32 are important and sometimes they are not.
How and why does children’s thinking change? In the 1920s, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget proposed that children’s cognitive (认知的) abilities unfold 33 , like the blooming of a flower, almost independent of what else is 34 in their lives. Although many of his specific conclusions have been 35 or modified over the years, his ideas inspired thousands of studies by investigators all over the world.
A) advocate | I) Immediately |
B) amount | J) Naturally |
C) confirmed | K) Obtaining |
D) crazy | L) Primarily |
E) definite | M) Protest |
F) differences | N) Rejected |
G) favorite | O) theories |
H) happening |
|
答案解析：
26. G 根据原文 "if you cover a baby’s 26 toy with a piece of cloth..." 可知，当用布盖住婴儿的某个玩具时，婴儿会认为玩具消失了。语境描述的是婴儿与玩具的互动，这里需要一个指代玩具的名词。选项中只有 favorite (最喜欢的) 作为名词时，符合“婴儿最喜欢的玩具”这一逻辑语境，能合理地引出后文的消失实验。其他选项词性或词义均不符。
27. M 根据原文 "A 4-year-old may 27 that a sister has more fruit juice..." 可知，此处需要一个动词，表示一个4岁孩子会做什么来表达对果汁分配不均的看法。 Protest (抗议，提出异议) 准确地描述了孩子认为不公时可能会采取的行为，符合上下文逻辑。
28. B 根原文 "...when it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ, not the 28 of juice." 可知，这里需要与 shapes (形状) 相对应的名词，指果汁的数量或容量。 amount (数量，量) 是最符合语境的词，意为“只是杯子的形状不同，而不是果汁的量不同”。
29. O 根据原文 "children are always testing their child-sized 29 about how things work." 可知，孩子们像小科学家一样，总是在测试他们关于事物运作方式的想法或假说。 theories (理论，假说) 在此处的比喻义非常贴切，指孩子们自己对世界运作规律的初步认知和猜想。
30. I 根据原文 "the child will 30 test your claim." 可知，当父母说“我不会再捡勺子了”之后，孩子会立刻去测试你的话是不是真的。 immediately (立刻，马上) 副词，精确地描述了孩子迅速、直接地去验证父母承诺的行为，符合儿童好奇和探索的心理。
31. D 根据原文 "She is not doing this to drive you 31;" 可知，这里需要一个形容词作宾语补足语，表示孩子这样做不是为了把父母逼疯。 crazy (发疯的) 是一个非常口语化和形象的表达，符合原文“不是故意让你抓狂”的安抚语气。
32. F 根据原文 "...and that sometimes those 32 are important and sometimes they are not." 可知，这里需要一个名词，指代前文提到的“她的愿望和你的”之间的不同之处。 differences (差异，不同) 完美地承接了上文，指代“她的愿望和你的(愿望)之间的差异”。
33. J 根据原文 "...children’s cognitive abilities unfold 33 , like the blooming of a flower..." 可知，这里需要一个副词来修饰动词 unfold ，后面“like the blooming of aflower(就像花儿盛开一样)”，花儿盛开是很自然的过程，所以选turally(自然地)。
34. H 根据原文 "...almost independent of what else is 34 in their lives." 可知，这里需要一个现在分词或形容词，构成“what is + ...”的结构，表示“生活中其他正在发生的事情”。happening (正在发生的) 在此用法中非常地道，指代孩子生活中的各种外部事件。
35. N 根据原文 "Although many of his specific conclusions have been 35 or modified over the years..." 可知，皮亚特的一些具体结论随着时间的推移被否定或修正了。 Rejected (被拒绝，被否定) 与 or modified (或被修正) 构成并列，准确地表达了这些结论后来的命运，符合学术发展的历史语境。
