2016年6月浙江卷
第二部分：阅读理解(第一节20小题，第二节5小题;每小题2分，满分50分)
第一节：阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
A
“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?”Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining, Tori brags，“You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about?It just happened to be yours truly, Adam Freedman, I can tell you that what that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话)。I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor(传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.”In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).
Gossip also can have a third effect:it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
41.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to .
A. introduce a topic
B. present an argument
C. describe the characters
D. clarify his writing purpose
42.An important negative effects of gossip is that it .
A. breaks up relationships
B. embarrasses the listener
C. spreads information around
D. causes unpleasant experiences
43.In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it .
A.gives them a feeling of pleasure
B.helpl them to make more friends
C.makes them better at telling stories
D.enables them to meet important people
44.Professor David Wilson think that gossip can .
A.provide students with written rules
B.help people watch their own behaviors
C.force school to improve student handbooks
D.attract the police’s attention to group behaviors
45.What advice does the author give in the passage?
A.Never become a gossiper
B.Stay away from gossipers
C.Don’t let gossip turn into lies
D.Think twice before you gossip.
答案解析：
41. A 文章开头Lindsey和Tori的对话是关于Adam的流言蜚语，这直接引出了文章的主题——八卦。作者通过这段对话自然地引入了将要讨论的话题：八卦及其影响。因此，选项A“引入一个话题”最符合题意。
42. D 根据第二段“Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic...that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.” 可知，八卦通常传播人们想要保密的信息，越是令人尴尬或羞耻的秘密，越能成为八卦的素材。最糟糕的八卦是彻头彻尾的谎言。人们通常认为传播八卦的人无害，但残酷的谎言会给人带来痛苦。因此，八卦的负面影响在于它会造成不愉快的体验。选项D“导致不愉快的体验”最符合题意。
43. A 据第三段“If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor...can make a person feel important...hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.” 可知，尽管知道八卦可能有害，但人们仍然喜欢八卦，因为它能带来满足感。分享最新的传言可以让人感到重要，听到最新的传言可以让人感到自己是“圈内人”。因此，人们喜欢八卦是因为它能带来愉悦感。选项A“给他们带来愉悦感”最符合题意。
44. B 据第四段“Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.” 可知，教授David Wilson认为八卦在规范群体行为方面很重要。用高中术语来说，就是如果你周围的人都嘲笑John的穿着或Jane的言论，那么你可以肯定，穿着或说出类似的东西会让你受到同样的负面关注。因此，八卦可以帮助人们注意自己的行为。选项B“帮助人们注意自己的行为”最符合题意。
45. D 根据最后一段“The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.” 可知，作者建议在传播最新消息之前，要思考自己为什么要八卦，以及你的“劲爆故事”可能会产生什么影响。因此，作者的建议是在八卦之前三思。选项D“在八卦之前三思”最符合题意。
2016年6月浙江卷
B
Below are search record from a university library’s database
Quick search l Category l Full Text l Advanced
Search full text books for children
Displaying 1 to 100 of 639 titles for children where Category is Education
Build it ,Make it ,Play it ! Guides for Children and Teens Bomhold Catharine ;Elder Terri,2004 l ABC-CLIO Series: Children’s and Young Adult literature Reference
For busy librarians and educators ,finding instructions for projects ,activities ,sports ,and games that children and teens will find interesting is a constant challenge, This guide is a time-saving,one-stop…. |
Circle Time for Young Children Mosley Jenny,2014 l Taylor and Francis Series: essential Guides for Early Years Practitioners
Jenny Mosley’s quality circle time model involves setting up an on-going, timetable process Of circle-meeting for adults and children ,As a basis for teaching relationship skills, building up self-esteem….. |
Connecting Animals and children in Early Childhood Selly Patty Born,2014 l Redleaf Press
Understand the value of connecting animals and children .From familys pets and wild animals to toys ,stuffed animal ,and media images ,animals are a central part of every child’s world .This book examines…. Read this book l View details l Add to Collection |
Education and Disadvantaged Children and Young People Matsumoto Mitsuko; Brool Colin,2013 l Bloomsbury Publishiing Series: Education as a Humanitarian Response
Do street children go ti school ,and if not ,why not? What kind of education can be ‘meaningful’ to young people affected by conflict? The contributors explore groups of children and young people who have…. Read this book l View details l Add to Collection |
Available
Children with School problme:A Physkian’s Manual
The children paediatric Society; Andrews Debra;Mahoney WilliamJ,2012 I wiley Available The physician’s guide to diagnosing and treating learning disabilities in children.1 to 10 Canadians have a learning disability,and doctors must be able to idcntify,diagnose,trear,and manage children… Read this book I view details I Add to Collection |
Songs in Their Heads:Music and Its Meaning In Children’s Lives Campbell Patricia Shehan,1989 I Oxford university Press Available This book explores the intrest and needs of children in their expressed thounts and actual “musicking”behaviours, This text examines the songs they sing,the ryhthms… Read this book I view details I Add to Collection |
Young Children as Artists:Art and design in the Earty Years and Kay Stage 1 Tutchell Suzy 2014 I Taylor Francis Available From the monment a child is bom,they intctract with the world,looking at colours,feeding texrures;constructing mental and physical images of what they see and experience.Within all early years… Read this book I view details I Add to Collection |
Big Ideas for Littles Kids:TEAching Philosophy through Children’s Liferature Wartnberg Thomas E.2014 I Rowman&Littlefield Publishers Available Big Ideas for Little Kids includes everything a teacher,or a college student needs to teach philosophy to elementary school children from picture books.Written in a clear and accessible style… Read this book I view details I Add to Collection |
46.Suppose you are doing research on children’s relationship skills,you may want to read.
A.Circle Time for Young Children
B. Children with School Problems:A Phsysician’s Manual
C.Education and Disaddvantaged Children and Young People
D.Build It,Make It,Do It,Play It!Guides for Children and Teens
47.Which book would you recommend to someone interesten inchildren’s mental imanges?
A.Connecting Animals and Children in Early Childhood.
B.Songs in Their Heads:Music and Its Meaning in children’sLives.
C.Big Ideas for Little Kids: Teaching Philosophy through children’s Literature.
D.Young Children as Artists:Art and design in the Early Years and Key Stage 1.
48.How many books published in 2015 are found in this search?
A. 9. B.90. C.118. D.290.
49.Children with School Problems:A Phsysician’s Manua lis most likely intended for.
A. educators B. librarians C. doctors D.artists
答案解析：
46. A 在文章中有句话“Jenny Mosley’s quality circle time model involves setting up an on-going，timetable process of circle-meeting for adults and children，as a basis for teaching relationship skills”，意思是JennyMosley的优质圆圈时间模式包括为成人和儿童建立一个持续的、有时间表的圆圈会议过程，作为教授人际关系技能的基础。因此，如果你正在研究儿童的人际关系技能，你可能会想读《CircleTime for Young Children》这本书，选项A为正确答案。
47. D 在文章中提到，“From the moment a child is born，they interact with the world，looking at colours，feeling textures，constructing mental and physical images of what they see an experience.”，意思是从孩子出生的那一刻起，他们就开始与世界互动，观察颜色，感受质地，构建他们所看到和经历的事物的心理和身体图像。因此，对于对儿童心理图像感兴趣的人，推荐阅读《Young Children as Artists: Art and Design in the Early Years and Key Stage 1》这本书，选项D为正确答案。
48. B 搜索结果中显示：2015(90)，可见，2015年出版的书有90本，选B。
49. C 在文中提到，“The physician’s guide to diagnosing and treating learning disabilities in children…”，意思是这本书是医生诊断和治疗儿童学习障碍的指南。因此，可以推断出这本书的目标读者是医生，选项C为正确答案。
C
A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.After all,the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is,well, just playing…right?Perhaps,but some developmental psychologists()have argued that this“play”is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.
Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table.Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge,it
falls to the ground---and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact ; bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world ), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).
Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way---that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child , Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws on how children learn ,but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort ---the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world---is simply something that comes from our babyhood. perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, ”It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”
50. according to some developmental psychologists,
A. a baby’s play is nothing more than a game.
B. scientific research into babies; games is possible
C. the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated
D. a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment
51.We learn from paragraph 2 that
A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently
B. scientists and babies often interact with each other
C. babies are born with the knowledge of object support
D. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do
52. Children may learn the rules of language by
A. exploring the physical world B. investigating human psychology
C. repeating their own experiments D. observing their parents’ behaviors
53. What is themain idea of the last paragraph?
A. The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.
B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.
C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.
D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.
54. What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play?
A. Convincing. B. Confused. C. Confidence. D. Cautious.
答案解析：
50. D 一些发展心理学家认为，婴儿的玩耍在某种程度上类似于科学家的实验。在文章第一段中提到，婴儿的玩耍更像是一种科学调查，而不是一般人认为的游戏。因此，答案为D。
51. D 第二段提到，婴儿可能通过反复实验和对物体支撑的理解来形成对物体如何相互作用的了解，这与科学家收集直接证据的方法相似。因此，我们可以得出结论，婴儿似乎像科学家一样收集证据，选项D正确。
52. C 在第三段中提到，幼儿通过反复实验、收集证据并最终推翻理论来学习语言规则，因此选项C“重复他们自己的实验”是正确的。
53. B 最后一段提到，将儿童发展视为科学调查不仅揭示了儿童的学习方式，而且为科学和科学家提供了鼓舞人心的视角。因此，研究婴儿的游戏可能会更好地理解科学。因此，本段的主要思想是B，即研究婴儿的游戏可以更好地理解科学。
54. D 作者在文章中使用了“appear to”和“may”等词汇来弱化绝对性的表达，还引用了其他人的观点，可见作者的语气是很谨慎的，D选项符合题意。
D
Two things changed my life: my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and it’s true. I would be a different person if my mom hadn’t turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.
My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I honestly don’t know how she did it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task., but she made it look effortless. If we complained about not having what another kid did, we’d hear something like, “I don’t care what so –and –so got for his birthday, you are not getting a TV in your room a car for your birthday a lavish sweet 16 party.” We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house. I can stil l remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table.My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house .Like the two little girls growing up at the White House,we made our own beds (no one left the house unitil that was done)and picked up after ourselves.We had to keep track of our belongings ,and if something was lost ,it was not replaced.
It was summer and ,one day ,my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed---and there it was in the window, White, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers ,the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.
“It’s beautiful,” my mother said when I pointed it out to her,”What a neat basket.”
I tried to hold off at first ,I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I couldn’t stand it any longer:“Mon, please can I please ,please get it? I ‘ll do extra chores for as long as you say, I’ll do anything ,but I need that basket,I love that basket.Please ,Mom .Please?”
I was desperate.
“You know,” she said ,gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believes was the coolest thing ever,”If you save up you could buy this yourself.”
“By the time I make enough it’ll bu gone!”
“Maybe Roger here could hold it for you,” she smiled at Roger ,the bike guy.
“He can’t hold it for that long ,Mom .Someone else will buy it .Please,Mom,Please?”
“There might be another way,”she said.
And so our paying plan unfolded.My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I could’t find.Each week I eagerly counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there (washing the car ,helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front).And then ,weeks later ,I counted ,re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh ,happy day ! I made it! I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon….
Days later the unthinkable happened. A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixted to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles. I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this disaster.This horrible turn of events.
And then came the lesson . I’ve taken with me through my life:”Honey, Your basket is extra-special,” Mom said, gently wiping away my hot tears.”Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.”
55.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. The children enjoyed doing housework.
B.The author came from s well-off family
C. The mother raised her children in an unusual way
D.The children were fond of the US president’s daughters.
56.When the author saw the basket in the window,she .
A. fell in love with it B. stared at her mother
C. recognized it at once D.went up to the bike guy
57.Why did the author say many “please” to her mother?
A. She longed to do extra work. B. She was eager to have the basket.
C.She felt tired after standing too long. D.She wanted to be polite to her mother.
58.By using“naked” (Paragraph 12),the author seems to stress that the basket was
A..something she could afford B.something important to her
C.something impossible to get D.something she could do without
59.To the author, it seemed to be a horrible turn of events that
A. something spoiled her paying plan
B. the basket cost more than she had saved
C.a neighborhood girl had bought a new bike
D.someone else had got a basket of the same kind
60.What is the life lesson the author learned from her mother?
A. Save money for a rainy day B. Good advice is beyond all price.
C. Earn your bread with your sweat D. God helps those who help themselves
答案解析：
55. C 前两段描述了作者的母亲独特的教育方式，包括让孩子做家务赚取零花钱，不与其他孩子攀比物质条件等。这种教育方式与当时(或通常情况下)普遍的教育方式可能不同，因此可以认为是“unusual”(不同寻常的)。
56. A 根据文章描述，“...the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.”(...那个篮子对我眨了眨眼，我知道——我知道——我必须拥有它。)这表明作者对篮子一见钟情。
解析： 作者反复说“please”是因为她非常渴望得到那个篮子。
58. B 作者将没有篮子的自行车形容为“naked”(赤裸的)，强调了篮子对她来说非常重要，就像衣服对人一样重要。
59. D 对作者来说，邻居女孩拥有了一个一模一样的篮子似乎是“a horrible turn of events”(一个可怕的事件)，因为这让她原本特殊的篮子变得不再那么独特。
60. C 作者从母亲那里学到的人生道理是：通过自己的努力赚取自己想要的东西。这与选项C “Earn your bread with your sweat”(靠自己的汗水赚取面包)意思相符。
