高考英语全国卷满分 150分，其中语法填空与短文改错合占 25分，书面表达（含读后续写）占 40分。这两大板块是拉开差距的关键，本文聚焦最核心的 语法难点与写作模板。
一、非谓语动词：高考语法第一拦路虎
非谓语动词在语法填空中每年出现 2-3空，核心判断逻辑如下：
| 形式 | 功能 | 核心判断法 | 真题示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| to do | 目的 / 将来 / 未发生 | 表目的或位于形容词后 | He came here to study English. |
| doing | 主动 / 正在进行 | 与主语构成主动关系 | Seeing the teacher, he stood up. |
| done | 被动 / 已完成 | 与主语构成被动关系 | Seen from the top, the city looks beautiful. |
二、三大从句：连接词选择法则
从句引导词每年必考 4-5分，记住以下核心区分：
定语从句：先行词是人用 who/whom，是物用 which/that，表所属用 whose。特别注意：逗号后面不能用 that。
名词性从句：缺主语/宾语/表语用 what，不缺成分用 that。这是高考最常设的陷阱：what 必须在从句中充当成分，that 只是连接标记。
状语从句：记住高频连接词——时间（when/while/as soon as）、原因（because/since/as）、让步（although/though/even if）、条件（if/unless/as long as）。
三、虚拟语气：三步搞定
虚拟语气虽只占 1-2 分，但 100% 出现在语法填空中：
| 时间 | if 从句谓语 | 主句谓语 |
|---|---|---|
| 与现在相反 | did / were | would / could / might + do |
| 与过去相反 | had done | would / could / might + have done |
| 与将来相反 | did / were to do / should do | would / could / might + do |
特殊句式必记：insist（坚持要求）/ suggest / recommend / order 等动词后的宾语从句用 (should) do。It is important/necessary that... 从句同样用虚拟。
四、读后续写：高分素材词库
读后续写满分 25 分，高分关键在于 情感描写和动作描写的细腻表达：
喜：her eyes sparkled with joy / a broad smile spread across his face / she could hardly contain her excitement
怒：he clenched his fists / she stormed out of the room / his face turned red with anger
悲：tears welled up in her eyes / he choked back a sob / a cloud of sadness hung over him
动作链（连续动作描写）：He rushed into the room, grabbed his bag, and dashed out without a word. —— 使用 3 个连续动词制造画面感是读后续写的 核心加分点。
