2023全国乙卷 A
Jacqueline Félicie de Almania(c. 1322)highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials(证明)of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian(1461 – 1554)was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships(学徒期)with doctors. However,Tan passed the official exam.Tan treated women from all walks of life.In 1511,Tan wrote a book,Sayings of a Female Doctor,describing her life as a physician.
James Barry(c.1789 -1865)was born Margaret Bulkeley in Ireland but,dressed as a man,she was accepted by Edinburgh university to study medicine.She qualified as a surgeon in 1813,then joined the British Army,serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831 -1895)worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years later,she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.She moved to Virginia in 1865,where she provided medical care to freed slaves.21. 21.What did Jacqueline and James have in common?
A. Doing teaching jobs.
B.Performing surgery
C. Being hired as physicians.
D. Being banned from medicine
22. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners?
A. She wrote a book.
C.She worked as a dentist
B. She went through trials.
D. She had formal education
23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree?
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
C. James Barry.
B. Tan Yunxian.
D. Rebcca Lee Crumpler
2023全国乙卷 B
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest?
A. By teaming up with other photographers.
B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditins.
D. By creating settings in the com fields
25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author?
A.Proper time managerment.
B.Cood shooting techniques.
C.Adventurous spirit.
D. Distinctive styles.
26. What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake?
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the suset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake?
A.Amusing.
B.Satisfying
C.Encouraging
D.Comforting
2023全国乙卷 C
What comes into your mind when you think of British food? probably fish and chips , or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Eventhough Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine , it is producing more top classchefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently topthe best seller lists.
lt's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. lt is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food coursesat UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what peoplethink about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts , 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that T'V chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and youngpeople are also getting more interested in cooking. The Uk's ob.session( 痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer " uncool" for boys to like cooking.
28. What do people usually think of British food?
A. It is simple and plain.
B. lt is rich in nutrition.
C. It lacks authentic tastes.
D. It deserves a high reputation.
29. Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV?
A.Authoritative.
C.Profitable.
B.Creative.
D.Influential.
30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?
A. 20%. B.24%.C.25%. D.33% .
31 . What might the author continue talking about?
A. The art of cooking in other countries.
B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C.Table manners in the UK.
D.Studies of big eaters.
2023全国乙卷 D
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. How past events should be presented.
B. What humopity is concerned about.
C.Whether facts speak louder than words.
D. Wiy written language is rliable.
33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?
A. His report was sintifi?
B.Ne rpresented the local pople.
C.He ruley over Botany Bay.
D.His record was one-sided.
34. What does the underlined word " conversation" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Problem.
B.History.
C. Voice.
D.Society.
35. Which of the following books is the text most likely slected from?
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B. A Short Nistory of Ausralia
C. A Hishry of the World in 100 Objects
D. How Ant Works Tell Stories
2023年北京卷
A
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.
To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).
4-Week Learning Sprint
The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.
The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.
After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.
Requirements for the Applicants
•You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint.
•You have completed your high school studies.
•You have at least one year of work experience.
•You have strong public speaking skills.
•You are self-motivated and committed.
•You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.
•You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).
•You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.
21. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.
A. create change in their community B. attend a virtual learning programme
C. meet people from different backgrounds D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project
22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to ________.
A complete a reflection task each week B. watch sports on the IOC channel
C. work on a sport-based project D. coach and advise their peers
23. Which is a requirement for the applicants?
A. Spreading the message of sport for good. B. Having at least one-year work experience.
C. Showing great passion for project planning. D. Committing themselves to becoming an expert.
B
Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…” and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.
I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.
So I was shocked when, not long after the email, professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.
I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. that project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.
When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.
Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
24. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name?
A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled.
25. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.
A criticise the review process B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert
C. apply to the original project again D. put his heart and soul into the lab work
26. according to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.
A. demanding B. inspiring C. misleading D. amusing
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution.
C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction.
C
In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.
It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires.
These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others. One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline.
As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.
28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________.
A. draw a comparison B. introduce a topic C. evaluate a statement D. highlight a problem
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Climate change has been forgotten.
B. Lessons of history are highly valued.
C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change.
D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.
30. What does the author intend to tell us?
A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans.
B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices.
C. current policies facilitate future decision-making.
D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires.
D
What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.
So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.
Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.
Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.
31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is .
A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful
32. What does the word “enamored” underlined in paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged.
33. What can we learn from this passage?
A. ALife holds the key to human future. B. ALife and AI share a common feature.
C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D. AI speeds up the process of human evolution.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
B. Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?
C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?
D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too?
2023年新高考I卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
21. What is an advantage of MacBike?
A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?
A. €15.75. B. €19.50. C. €22.75. D. €29.50.
23. Where does the guided city tour start?
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A. To review John’s research plans.
B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
27. What is the basis for John’s work?
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
28. What is the book aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.
B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems.
D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?
A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. practical examples. D. historical analyses.
31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?
A. Use them as needed. B. recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.
D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A. The methods of estimation.
B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors.
D. The design of Galton’s experiment.
33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if
________.
A. the crowds were relatively small
B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate
D. estimates were not fully independent
34. What did the follow-up study focus on?
A. The size of the groups.
B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process.
D. The individual estimates.
35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive.
C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
2023年新高考全国II卷 A
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing wildlife in Yellowstone(May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail(小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at artist Point(June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon(峡谷)while learning about the area’s natural and human history. discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops(June 19& July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19-Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10-Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
21. Which of the four programs begins the earliest?
A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
22. What is the short talk at Artist Point about?
A. Works of famous artists. B. protection of wild animals.
C. basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area.
23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop?
A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center.
2023年新高考全国II卷 B
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. "The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks," she says. "They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful." though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. "We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently," Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. "They get outside," she says, "and they feel successful."
24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing local Landscape
2023年新高考全国II卷 C
Reading Art: Art for book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object-the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this "book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed(描绘)alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks-transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
28. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
29. What are the selected artworks about?
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform.
31. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?
A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
2023年新高考全国II卷 D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding(编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of "We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while" was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
"We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it," said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
32. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
33. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?
A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
34. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
35. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
答案及解析：
2023全国乙卷 A
21.答案: C. Performing surgery
文章中提到Jacqueline Félicie de Almania "performed surgery"，同样提到James Barry "qualified as a surgeon"，说明他们都进行过外科手术。
22.答案: A. She wrote a book.
文章中提到Tan Yunxian "wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor"，而其他人物并没有提到他们写过书。
23.答案: D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler
文章中提到Rebecca Lee Crumpler "was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree"，直接回答了这个问题。其他选项的人物都不是非洲裔美国人。
2023全国乙卷 B
24.B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
文章中提到作者为了拍摄风景照片，会与朋友一起去州立公园或乡村进行探险和拍照，这表明他是通过在这些地方拍摄来应对中西部风景缺乏地理变化的挑战。
25. A. proper time management.
作者强调了“Being at the right place at the right time”的重要性，并且提到因为晚到五分钟而错过了很多美丽的日出和日落，这说明正确的时间管理是成功的关键。
26.答案: C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
文章中提到，由于他们没有标记路线，几乎错过了日落，这意味着他们比预期晚到达了拍摄地点。
27.答案: B. Satisfying
尽管作者认为如果准备得更充分，照片会更好，但他回顾这些照片时，认为它们是一些最好的作品，这表明他对这些照片是满意的。
2023全国乙卷 C
28.文章开头提到，当人们想到英国食物时，可能会想到鱼和薯条或者周日的一餐肉和两份蔬菜，这表明人们通常认为英国食物简单朴素。
29.答案: D. Influential.
文章中提到电视厨师们帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法，并且鼓励英国人尝试不同的食物，这表明电视烹饪节目对人们有影响力。
30.答案: D. 33%.
文章中提到，几乎三分之一的人现在使用比以前更广泛的配料，这意味着大约33%的人在使用更多样化的配料。
31.答案: B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
文章最后一段提到了越来越多的男性厨师出现在电视上，并且对于男孩子喜欢烹饪也不再是“不酷”的事情。因此，作者可能会继续谈论电视节目中的男性厨师。
2023全国乙卷 D
32. A. How past events should be presented.
第一段主要讨论的是如何呈现历史事件，作者指出不能只通过文字来讲述历史，因为世界上只有部分地区有文字记录，而大部分地区的历史则是通过物品等非文字形式传承下来的。因此，正确答案是A，即如何呈现过去的事件。
33. D.His record was one-sided.
第二段中提到：“From the English side，we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side，we have only a wooden shield dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.”(从英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长关于那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面，我们只有一名男子在第一次经历枪击后逃跑时扔下的木盾。)这说明船长库克的记录只是从英国人的角度出发，因此是单方面的。因此，作者提到库克船长是为了表明他的记录是单方面的，选项D正确。
34. B.History.
根据文章第三段中的句子"lf we are to find the other half of that conversation，we have to read not just the texts，but the objects."，可以推断出"conversation"指的是历史，因为我们需要通过文字和物品来了解历史的全部内容。因此，正确答案是B，即历史。
35. C. A Hishry of the World in 100 Objects
文章提到了通过物品来讲述历史，而选项C的书名“A History of the World in 100 Objects”正是通过100个物品来讲述世界历史的书籍，因此最符合文章主题。
2023年北京卷
A
21. B. 根据文章中"The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme."这句话，可以得知参与者将参加一个虚拟学习项目。选项B与文章内容相符。
22. C. 根据文章中"After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport-based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader."这句话，可以得知如果被选为IOC青年领袖，需要提交一个基于体育的项目计划，并在此项目上工作。选项C与文章内容相符。
23. B. 根据文章中"Requirements for the Applicants"部分列出的要求，"You have at least one year of work experience."是申请者必须满足的条件之一。选项B与文章内容相符。
B
24. A.根据文章中的"My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name."可知，作者看到邮件发送者的名字时，心跳加速，这表明他感到焦虑。选项A与文章内容相符。
25. D. 根据文章中的"What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all."可知，尽管提议的项目不如最初申请的项目令人兴奋，但作者决定全力以赴。选项D与文章内容相符。
26. B. 根据文章中的"That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t."可知，这个项目不仅让作者在封锁期间能够继续工作，而且在传统方法无效的情况下取得了成功，这表明该项目是鼓舞人心的。选项B与文章内容相符。
27. C. 根据文章的整体内容，作者最初被拒绝后，最终找到了新的研究方向，并且被另一个研究生项目录取。这表明，一次拒绝可以成为重新定位的机会。选项C与文章内容相符。
C
28. D.作者引用Francis Cole的话是为了强调短期主义导致的问题，即“现在唯一存在，现在的特点是瞬间的残酷和无尽的现在的无聊”。这与文章主题相符，即短期主义是工业化社会的一个严重问题。因此，作者引用Francis Cole的话是为了突出这个问题，答案为D。
29. C. 根据最后一段的内容，作者讨论了人类对于环境变化的“集体健忘”，以及每一代人可能认为他们所遇到的情况是正常的。这表明人类的大脑不擅长注意到缓慢的变化。选项C与文章内容相符。
30. A. 文章整体讨论了短期主义的问题，以及人们如何因为对当下的偏向而忽视了长期的影响。作者通过这些讨论意在告诉我们，具有远见的思考对人类来说很重要。选项A与文章内容相符。
D
31. A. 作者在文中引用了Alan Smith对ALife领域的辩护，并且没有提出任何批评或质疑，这表明作者对Alan Smith的观点是支持的。选项A与文章内容相符。
32. C. 根据上下文，"enamored"这个词用来描述研究人员对开放性演化的概念感兴趣和着迷。选项C "Attracted"与这种情感状态相符。
33. B. 根据第三段的内容，ALife和人工智能都被开放性演化的概念所吸引，这表明两者有共同的特征。选项B与文章内容相符。
34. D. 文章讨论了ALife领域的尝试和挑战，以及它如何模仿生命的演化过程。选项D作为标题，最能概括文章的主题和讨论内容。
2023年新高考I卷
A
21. B.
在Why MacBike部分中提到，MacBike拥有超过2500辆自行车，提供多种最新款式的自行车，包括基本款、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车。因此，MacBike的一个优势是提供多种类型的自行车，选项B正确。
22. C.
根据Prices表格中的数据，带手刹和三个排挡的自行车的租金为每天€14.75，额外增加天数每天8欧元。因此租用两天的费用为€14.75+€8=€22.75，选项B为正确答案。
23. D.
在Guided City Tours部分中提到，“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour，starting at 1:00 pm every day.”，即导游城市游每天下午1点开始，每小时从Dam Square出发一次。因此，答案为D，即导游城市游从Dam Square开始。
B
24. 根据第一段"When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems."可知，John小时候喜欢探索周围的树林，并观察自然如何解决问题，这表明他具有好奇心和探究精神。因此选C。
25. 根据第四段"First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other... After a few weeks, John added the sludge."可知，John建立了一系列的玻璃纤维罐，并在其中加入了污泥，这是为了测试他的生态机器是否能够清理有害物质。因此选D。
26. 提到福州是为了展示John的想法在一个实际项目中的应用。文中提到"He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China."这表明John的设计被应用到了实际中，用以清理福州的运河水。因此选B。
27. 根据最后一段“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”可知，John的工作基础是生命可以在新的关系中自我修复，这正是自然自我修复的能力。因此选A。
C
28. 根据第一段"The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism..."可知，这本书的目标是提倡数字极简主义，即一种简单的数字生活方式。因此选B。
29. 根据第三段"This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days..."可知，"declutter"这个过程要求读者暂时远离可选的在线活动，并在30天后有选择地恢复一些活动，这意味着这个词的意思是清理或简化。因此选A。
30. 根据第四段"In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid."可知，最后一章提供了2018年的一项实验，其中1600多人同意进行数字清理，并分享了他们的故事和策略，这些都是实际的例子。因此选C。
31. 根据最后一段"Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances."可知，作者建议读者将这些实践视为工具箱，根据个人情况需要时使用它们来构建适合自己的极简生活方式。因此选A。
D
32. 第二段主要讲述了群体智慧效应背后的逻辑，即人们的错误不是总是相同的，一些人倾向于高估，而另一些人倾向于低估，当这些错误平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而得出更准确的估计。因此选B。
33.第三段提到，当人群被进一步分成允许讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比相同数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。这表明即使估计不是完全独立的，平均准确性也可以提高。因此，答案是D。
34. 根据第四段"In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion."可知，后续研究关注的是小组讨论过程中成员们实际做了什么。因此选C。
35. 根据最后一段"Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous."可知，尽管Navajas的研究存在局限性，还有很多问题待解答，但作者认为这些研究对于群体讨论和决策制定的潜在影响是巨大的。这表明作者对Navajas的研究是持认可态度的。因此选D。
2023年新高考全国II卷 A
21.D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
根据文章内容，Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone的日期是5月26日至9月2日，是这四个项目中开始得最早的。
22. D. History of the canyon area。
根据Canyon Talks at Artist Point的描述，这个短讲是在Artist Point进行的，参与者可以一边欣赏Lower Falls和峡谷的壮丽色彩，一边了解该地区的自然和人类历史。因此，这个短讲是关于大峡谷地区的历史。
23. B. Washburn Trailhead。
在Photography Workshops部分中，明确指出7月10日的Wildflowers & White Balance摄影工作坊的集合地点是在Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area。所以参与者将在Washburn Trailhead集合。
2023年新高考全国II卷 B
24. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
文章第一段提到Abby Jaramillo和另一位老师一起启动了Urban Sprouts项目，说明她是这个项目的发起人之一。
25. C. Some kids disliked garden work.
文章第二段提到，尽管有些学生一开始害怕昆虫，不喜欢泥土，但大多数学生都渴望尝试新事物。这表明在项目开始时，Jaramillo面临的问题是有些孩子不喜欢园艺工作。
26. A. Far-reaching.
文章最后一段提到项目的好处不仅限于营养，一些学生因此对园艺产生兴趣，甚至在家中种植自己的蔬菜，而且对特殊教育学生有镇静效果。这说明项目的影响是深远的。
27. C. Growing Vegetable Lovers.
文章主要讲述了Urban Sprouts项目如何帮助学生改变对蔬菜的看法，培养他们对园艺的兴趣，并改善他们的饮食习惯。因此，"Growing Vegetable Lovers"最能概括文章的主题。其他选项要么与文章内容不符，要么涵盖的范围太广。
2023年新高考全国II卷 C
28. A. An introduction to a book.
文章开头提到了"Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers"这本书，并且描述了书的内容和特点，如艺术品的选择和排列方式，以及书籍在不同文化和时代之间的联系。这些信息表明这篇文章很可能是书籍的简介。
29. C. Books and reading.
文章第一段提到了这本书是对书籍这一日常物品的庆祝，并且展示了与阅读和书籍相关的艺术作品。第二段也提到了艺术作品中的书籍和阅读场景，所以选C项。
30. A. Understand.
在第二段中，"relate to"这个词组用来描述即使是几百年前的画作也能记录下我们都能理解的时刻。这里的"relate to"意味着能够理解或与某事物产生共鸣。
31. A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
在最后一段，作者提到尽管从21世纪的角度来看，印刷书籍可能显得古老，但它仍然和任何电子阅读器一样具有互动性。这表明作者想要表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。提到电子阅读器的目的是为了对比和强调印刷书籍仍然有其独特的价值和功能。
2023年新高考全国II卷 D
32. 答案是 B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
文章开头提到，随着城市的扩张，居住在城市地区的人们越来越难接触到自然。虽然可能会有口袋公园，但在城市中找到相对原始的地方是不常见的。这表明作者在开头描述的现象是城市中难以找到野生的自然。
33. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
文章第三段提到研究人员请公园游客提交他们与公园中的自然有意义的互动的书面总结，并在第四段中提到研究人员对这些提交的内容进行编码，分入不同的类别。这样做是为了在游客的总结中找到模式，即“自然语言”。
34. C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
第五段中给出的例子是，一个人在公园里沿着水边走可能是一种令人满足的经历，而在工作日的午餐休息时间，他们可以通过沿着喷泉走的方式来享受这种互动的更家庭化的形式。这表明相同的自然体验可以有不同的形式。
35. B. Environmental conservation.
最后一段中，Peter Kahn提到，为了使人类与自然的互动回归到我们的日常生活中，我们需要保护自然，以便我们能够与之互动。这表明在进行自然互动之前，我们需要进行环境保护。
