Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them again. During (26)_______ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle performance can also be affected by a (27)_______ called "central fatigue,” in which an imbalance in the body’s chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements(28)_______. It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly (29) _______ in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate (碳水化合物的)(30)_______ either with a moderate dose of caffeine (咖啡因)，which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo (安慰剂) without, during 3 hours of (31)_______ . After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still (32)_______ their visual system. The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, (33)_______ their ability to capture new visual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was (34)_______ to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying (35)_______ eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.
A) cautiously | B) commit | C) control | D) cycling |
E) effectively | F)increased | G) involved | H) limited |
I) phenomenon | J) preventing | K) sensitive | L) slowing |
M) solution | N) sufficient | O) vigorous |
|
1. 根据“our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products.”可知此处说的是剧烈运动，所以选O) vigorous。
2. 根据“called 'central fatigue'”可知这里说的是一种被称为“中枢疲劳”的现象，所以选I) phenomenon。
3. 根据“prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements”可知身体化学信使的不平衡会阻止中枢神经系统有效地指挥肌肉运动，所以选E) effectively。
4. 根据“whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly...in the exercise itself”可知这里说的是中枢疲劳是否会影响不直接参与运动的运动系统，所以选G) involved。
5. 根据“a carbohydrate...either with a moderate dose of caffeine”可知研究人员给志愿者提供碳水化合物溶液，有的含有适量咖啡因，所以选M) solution。
6. 根据“during 3 hours of...”以及前文提到给骑自行车的人提供东西，可知这里说的是在3小时的骑行过程中，所以选D) cycling。
7. 根据“the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still...their visual system.”可知科学家用眼动追踪相机测试骑自行车的人，看他们的大脑还能多好地控制视觉系统，所以选C) control。
8. 空格前分句的主语和空格处的动词是主动关系，这里要填入动词的现在分词形式，而根据“exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%...their ability to capture new visual information.”可知运动使快速眼球运动的速度降低了约8%，使他们捕捉新视觉信息的能力下降，所以这里要填含有“降低、阻碍”意思的词，故选J。
9. 根据“The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was...to reverse this effect”可知咖啡因足以逆转这种影响，所以选N) sufficient。
10. 根据“with some cyclists even displaying...eye movement speeds.”可知一些骑自行车的人甚至显示出更快的眼球运动速度，所以选F) increased。
