arrogated

was hearing evidence in an assumed capacity; congress's arrogated powers over domains hitherto belonging to the states.

以僭越的身份参加听证；国会僭越了迄今为止属于各州领域中的权力。

Dukes arrogated in saluting to Zhou King. Hegemonies began to challenge the authority of Zhou King. Ministates became the dependencies of great powers. Because of the connotations and functions of some etiquettes began to change, the rites of pilgrimage hierarchy were inevitably affected.

诸侯对周王行礼僭越不断，霸主国开始挑战周天子权威，小国纷纷沦为大国的附属国，朝聘礼中一些礼仪的内涵和作用都开始发生变化，其中的等级制度必然受到影响。

On the contrary, a ruler in the Eastern Han had to depend on clans, otherwise, he couldn't maintain the sovereignty, for most consorts came from the upper class or rich and powerful families. Another difference was that eunuchs arrogated power.

东汉时，皇帝则是不得不仰仗外戚，否则将无法维持自己的政权，因为大多数嫔妃出身贵族或豪门。与西汉不同的另一点是东汉时宦官专权。