autarkic

The process from the autarkic equilibrium to the city complex equilibrium and to the regional specialization equilibrium is propelled by the changes of transport costs and learning-effect intensity ( or other self-increasing endogenous factors) of regions and inter-regions.

从自给自足均衡、到综合城市均衡、再到地区专业化均衡的过程是由地区内和地区之间的运输成本与学习效应强度系数（或其它自增强的内生因素）的增减变化所推动的。

Existing theories have already pointed out that China's ancient autarkic peasant economy, bureaucracy, physiocracy policy, imperial examination system and Confucian culture have important negative impact on the development of China's modern science and technology.

现有的研究已经指出中国古代的小农经济、官僚政治、重农轻商的经济政策、科举制度以及儒家文化等因素对中国近代科学技术的发展有重要的消极影响。

The main character of household handicraft was not the autarkic production on the condition of federal economy, but the commodity production, which was closely relative to the capitalistic relations of production.

近代中国农村家庭手工业的主要性质已不是封建自然经济条件下的自给自足性生产，而是同资本主义生产关系紧密联系的商品性生产。